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This Volume is for
REFERENCE USE ONLY

Bruton
Gburcb

IReetorefc

anb its Ibfstoric Environment

. (21. (R* <BoobJin t (^ (ttl

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Wiffiomsfiurg, (Virginia

Illustrated
1907

COPYRIGHT APPLIED FOR.

Errata

McClellan (not McClennan), p. 13.
Whittaker (not Wittaker), p. 38.
Charlotte (not Sarah Pendleton), p. 143

PRINTED BY

THE FRANKLIN PRESS CO.
PETERSBURG. VA.

Dedication

Co one supremely unselfish, who
has blessed her children with a
love that has been to us the
highest interpretation of the
love of 6od in Christ;

and

to the Rt Rev* Hlfred ]M Ran-
dolph, 0, D*, Bishop of the
Diocese of Southern Yirginia,
with grateful remembrance of a
service held at Christ Church,
Norwood, many years ago, this
volume is affectionately dedicated*

preface

By Rt, Rev* H* JVL Randolph, IX D,, LLJX,
Bishop of Southern Virginia

|HIS book is designed to convey information and
to awaken the patriotic sympathies of our
countrymen in the associations connected
with Bruton Parish Church, Williamsburg. Its
author has accomplished the work as a labor
of love, amid his arduous duties as Rector of
the old Church, and Pastor of its Congrega-
tion.

The historical significance of the Church is
unique among the Colonial Churches of Vir-
ginia and America The names upon its pews,
which appear in the restoration, will be at
once recognized as those of men whom history
has designated as the Fathers of the Republic of the United
States of America. The great political thinkers who con-
tributed the largest share towards the conception of the
principles of our government and the embodiments of those
principles in the formation of the State and the National
governments were, with their families, worshippers in this
building and contributors to its erection and the maintenance
of the ordinances of religious worship. The old Church,
since its early days, has undergone, or rather suffered, many
alterations in its interior forms The restoration has swept
away these blots upon its ancient beauty and dignity and
has revealed the grace and symmetry and the religious aspi-
ration in the mind of the architects who projected its origi-
nal plans. The work has been done under the supervision
of a son of Virginia, who has earned exceptional distinction
as an architect in the city of New York. He has contributed
time and means and skill in the spirit of enthusiasm for his

Bishop's preface

art, and reverence for antiquity, declining any recompense
save the appreciation of his beautiful work.

We are grateful for the generous contributions from
friends in the North, especially in the city of New York,
without which the restoration of the Church could not
have been accomplished. Their ready response suggests the
vitality of the instinct of love for our common country, and
reverence for the origin of our religious life as represented
by the Protestant Church of England, which guided and
fostered the infancy of this nation.

As the Chairman of the Advisory Committee upon the
restoration of Bruton Parish Church, I feel it our duty to
express to the Rev. Mr. Goodwin our appreciation of the
energy and ability and unstinted sacrifice of time and labor
which, for more than three years, he has expended in collect-
ing the means and in supervising and directing this work
from the beginning to its completion.

A. M. RANDOLPH,
Bishop of Southern Virginia.

Hutbor's preface

N response to an ever increasing demand this
volume has been prepared. The full trans-
cript of the Parish Register of 1662, and the
existing orders of the Vestry book of 1674
having been inserted in "The Sketch of Bru-
ton Parish Church/ 1 published in 1903, this
matter is not repeated in full.

In this volume, some of the most quaint
and interesting ancient Vestry orders are
grouped together to show in cotemporaneous
form some of the customs of the Colonial
Church and to recall the spirit of the past

A chapter has been inserted on "The His-
torical Environment of the Church," because the church was
a component part of the community life ; and while it contrib-
uted spiritual help and inspiration to the people of the past,
it stands in an atmosphere created by the past, through which
it should be viewed, and by which it is also hallowed and
enriched.

During the work of restoration, many additional facts,
throwing light upon the ancient history of the church, were
discovered, which are recorded in this volume.

An account of the restoration of the church is given,
with a transcript of the memorial pew plates and mural tablets
placed in the building; and the sermon preached by the Rt.
Rev. Beverley Dandridge Tucker, D. D., inaugurating the
work of restoration, is inserted.

The building, though venerable and sacred, is not the
Church. The ivy-mantled structure stands as a hallowed
memorial and consecrated symbol of the vital body, which is
the witness of Christ to men and the living channel of His
blessing. In the chapter on "Three Hundred Years of
Church Life and Influence in Virginia/ 5 what the church has

Hutbor^s preface

stood for, and \vhat she has inspired, consecrated, and helped
to accomplish, is suggested. Because Bruton Parish Church
bears witness to the continuity of this life, and shared se
largely in the accomplishment of the results which have been
attained, the building, as a memorial of the past, is "The
noblest monument of religion in America/ 1

The Rector \vould record his grateful appreciation of the
kind co-operation of those who have, by plans contributed,
advice given, and generous contributions made to the work,
enabled us to preserve the church and restore its interior to
its ancient form and appearance.

WM. A. R. Goonwix,
Rector of Brut on Parish Church

\YlLLIAMSBURG, VA.,

March 22, 1907.

Contents

The Historic Environment of Bruton Parish Church 13-33

The Church at Jamestown 35-40

Historical Sketch of Bruton Parish Church 41-51

Some of the Ancient Vestry Orders 52-56

Church Service in Colonial Days 57-59

Memorials of the Past..'. 61-62

(a) Communion Silver 62-63

(b; Font 65

(c) The Bell 66

(d) Old Record Books... 66

(e) The Clock 66

(f) Pre-Revolutionary Prayer Book and Bible 69

Memorial Endowment Fund 70-71

TheChurchyard 73-74

Some Quaint and Ancient Epitaphs 75-79

Names Engraved on Tombstones 80-81

Notes Relative to the Restoration of the Church 83-92

Memorials in Bruton Parish Church

(1) Tercentenary Memorials

(a) President's Lecturn 95

(b) King's Bible 95-102

(2) Tombstones 104-110

(3) Marble Mural Tablets 111-114

(4) Bronze Memorials 115-139

(5) Special Memorials 140-143

Location and Description of Graves found in the Church

while Excavating 144-147

Sermon by Rt. Rev. B. D. Tucker, D. D., inaugurating the Restora-
tion 149-156

Three Hundred Years of Church Life and Influence in Virginia 159-171

The Spiritual and Ideal Significance of Bruton Parish Church,

Restored 173-191

The Consecration of the Church 193-195

The Third Sunday after Trinity 1607-1907 at Jamestown. Me-
morial Communion 197-198

Illustrations

Bruton Parish Church, Restored, viewed from the Duke of Gloucester

Street 1

The Church Viewed from the Palace Green and the East 12

The College of William and Mary 15

The Duke of Gloucester Street, looking west, Colonial Capitol and

Clerk's Office in the foreground 17

Mathew Whaley School, built on the foundations of the Colonial Palace 18

The Old Powder Horn 21

The Old Court House, 1769 22

The Home of George Wythe 25

The Home of Hon. John Blair 26

Bassett Hall 27

The Home of Peyton Randolph 28

The Moore House at Yorktown 31

The Yorktown Centennial Monument 32

The Old Church Tower at Jamestown 34

The Rev Robert Hunt Memorial 37

Bruton Parish Church viewed from the East 42

The Duke of Gloucester Street 44

Partition Wall built in 1840, removed in 1905 48

Colonial Scene, by Wordsworth Thompson 57

The Jamestown Communion Silver 60

Communion Silver used at the College of William and Mary 63

The Jamestown Baptismal Font 1 63

The King George III Communion Silver 64

The Old Liberty Bell of Virginia 65

Two pages of the Parish Register of 1662 67

P re-Revolutionary Prayer Book, with Prayer for the President pasted

over Prayer for King George III 68

Bruton Parish Church Yard 72

The Tomb of the Custis Children 77

Diagram showing location of Partition Wall of 1840, removed in 1905 85

Restoration Plans, Transverse Section 86

Just after the Removal ofthe Partition Wall 88

Among the Ancient Tombs, Restoring Foundations 88

The President's Lecturn 94

The King Edward VII Bible, (six views) 97-102

The Colonial Capitol 120

Pew Plan ofthe Church restored 128

The Church prior to the restoration, viewed from the Duke of

Gloucester St 148

Old Wood Cut View of the Church 158

Brafferton Indian School at the College of William and Mary 165

View of the Restored Interior 172

Jamestown Island 177

Bruton Parish Church, Restored 177

Pre-Revolutionary Prayer Book, with marginal corrections 178

The Nelson House, Yorktown 181

The Colonial Governor's Canopied Pew 182

The Colonial Governor's Chair 186

Home of the Presidents of the College of William and Mary, where

manv Colonial Ministers resided 189

The Pulpit, Reading Desk, and Clerk's Desk in the restored Church 192

View of the Improvised Church at Jamestown for the Holy Com-
munion on the Third Sunday after Trinity, 1907 196

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4)

Historic Environment of
Bruton parish (tburcb

HE English colonies in Virginia extended first
along- the line of the great rivers which flow
into die Chesapeake Bay and its estuaries, and
in this territory we find most of our colonial
chinches. Between the James River and the
Y"ork, lies the Peninsula of Virginia, which
is about twelve miles wide from Jamestown,
on the north bank of the James, to Gloucester
County, on the north bank of the York, where
was situated the ancient seat of King Powha-
tan. Though small in compass, this Peninsula
is Virginia's richest historical possession. Here
was cradled the infant republic. Here one
called, by those who conquered him. Bacon the rebel, mar-
shalled the patriots, of 1676, who enlisted to protect their
homes against the Indians, and fought, when forced to, against
Sir William Berkeley, the Governor, to maintain their liberty
as freeborn Englishmen.

Down the road which runs upon the crest of the Penin-
sula, parallel with the present line of the Chesapeake and
Ohio Railroad, marched the armies of the Revolution, led by
LaFayette, Washington, and Lord Cornwallis, and in later
years, the great armies of Johnston and McClennan passed
over this road on the way to Richmond.

The soil is blood stained and thronged with sacred and
stirring memories. Here was not only the Cradle of the Re-
public, but the birthplace of her liberty. The foundation
stones alone remain of the buildings where, in 1619, the first
representative Legislative Assembly held in America met at
Jamestown, and where, in later years, in the House of Bur-
gesses in Williamsburg, the eloquence of Patrick Henry
kindled in Virginia the flames of the American Revolution :

Bistomc environment

but these stones are the corner-stones of the foundation

upon which rests the government of the Federal Republic,
while the monument which rises from the battlefield at York-
town marks the place where the old order gave place to the
new, and reminds us of the price of liberty.

Here the value of our free institutions may be measured
by recalling what their creation cost, for on this soil are the
tokens which recall the toil, the tears, the blood, and the birth-
pangs of our civilization and our liberty.

Because here the "air was pure and serene" and because
"clear and crystal springs burst from champaign soils," set-
tlers came in 1632 and "laid off and paled in" Middle Planta-
tion, and named it thus because it lay midway between the
James and the York. To both of these rivers it had access by
navigable creeks, which run up to the outskirts of the town.

Of these early days little is known. The pioneers battled
with the wilderness, with no dream of the glory which the
future would throw like a halo over the soil reclaimed from
the primeval forests. Their dreams were of Indians lurking
without the palisades and hiding in the outskirts of the wood-
land.

ZEbe Cfourcb

These forefathers of the hamlet* built for themselves a
church here at Middle Plantation, and sleep in unknown
graves in its unknown churchyard. The written records of
the Parish do not begin until 1674.

ZEbe College

The College of William and Mary was largely the gift of

* The use in this connection of the familiar quotation from the Elegy in the Country
Churchyard in a previous History of Bruton Parish has lead the sexton to tell visitors
that "the father of Hamlet dat Mr. Shakespeare wrote about in buried soxnewhar in dis
here churchyard.*' A.S the Rector 1* quoted as authority for this statement, this explana-
tory note is inserted to safeguard the truth of history.

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16 Bistoric environment

the Church to the people of Virginia. It was established in
1693 through the efforts of Rev. Commissary James Blair, D.
D., once Rector of the Church at Henrico and, subse-
quently for many years, the Rector of Bruton Parish Church
and President of the College. This institution was founded
for the purpose of educating and Christianizing the Indian
youth, who were quartered in Brafferton Hall, on the College
grounds, and for training a native ministry, and educating the
sons of the Virginia planters. All of the eight presidents of
the College prior to the Revolution were clergymen or the
Church of England.

Next to Harvard in age, William and Mary has stood
through the centuries for the making of men; and the presi-
dents, statesmen, warriors, and clergymen who have gone
from her ancient halls to serve their generation and their
country are witnesses to the fact that the College has been
faithful to her trust. The nation owes to this institution a
debt of gratitude which has never been recognized, and which
cannot be repaid too generously or too soon. She gave Wash-
ington to lead our armies, because she made him County
Surveyor, through which work he acquired the knowledge
and experience which equipped him for larger service.
She gave Jefferson to write our Charter of Independence,,
and Monroe and Tyler to enlarge the nation's borders, and
many others to stand among men as leaders in both peace
and war.

The students of the College, accompanied by one of the
Masters, attended Bruton Parish Church, where the gallery
in the west end was assigned to them, into which, by order
of the Vestry, they were securely locked, and there they
carved their names, which may be seen to-day, and doubtless
dreamed of religious liberty.

Removal of tbe Seat of Government

Upon the removal of the Seat of Government from
Jamestown to Williamsburg in 1699, the city assumed its

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Bistoric environment of Brutoti parish Church 19

present name in honor of the King, and sprang immediately
into prominence as the Capitol of Colonial Virginia. The
streets looked back to old England for their names, or took
them from the inherent vanity of man; the main thoroughfare
running from the College to the Capitol being named by Sir
Francis Nicholson for the Duke of Gloucester, and the two
streets parallel, being named Francis and Nicholson, for the
Governor himself.

Gbe palace

To the east of the church lies the Palace Green, at the
head of which stood, until just after the Revolution, the
Palace of the Governor, built at a cost of three thousand
pounds sterling. This was a "magnificent structure built at
the public expense, finished and beautified with gates, fine
gardens, offices, walks, and a canal, and orchard embracing
in all 370 acres, bordered with lindens brought from Scot-
land."*

Facing the Green may be seen to-day the home of Chan-
cellor Wythe, which adjoins the Parish churchyard, and fur-
ther down, on the same side, the white columned house used
for awhile as the residence of Governor Dinwiddie, while just
across from this is the home of Audrey, of fiction, and nearby,
on the same side of the Green, was the colonial theatre, where,
"by permission of His Excellency, the Governor/ 1 many
hours were spent by the Virginians of other days in enjoying
the transported London plays.

The Governors were associated in many ways with Bru-
ton Parish Church. Francis Nicholson and the Parish Vestry
were in constant and often unpleasant contact, each being
jealous of the power claimed and exercised by the other.

Governor Spotswood furnished the plans for the present
church building, and largely supervised its erection, providing
for himself and the members of his Council a canopied
pew, around which his name was written in letters of gold.

See "Colonial Capitols of Virginia," page 63 Miss Mary L. Foster.

20 Che Bfetoric environment of Bniton parish Church

Francis Fauquier is buried in the north aisle of the
Parish Church, and Lord Botetourt, a devoted churchman
and a sincere Christian gentleman, was followed by a great
concourse of mourning friends, to whom he had endeared
himself, from the church to his last resting place in the Chapel
vault in the College of William and Mary. Lord Dun-
more gave to the gallery in the west end of the church the
name, "Dunmore's Gallery/' by resorting to it with his Coun-
cil when the prayer for the King began to be unpopular, and
when tne Burgesses around the Governor's pew began to
mutter irreverant imprecations, when, as loyal churchmen,
they should have been praying devoutedly for King George
III and his Parliament.

Gbe Mouse of Burgesses

The removal -of the House of Burgesses to Williams-
burg m 1699, caused the building of the present church in
1710-15, and brought Bruton into prominence as the Court
Church of Colonial Virginia. As suggested by Governor
Spotswood, the government appropriated a sufficient sum of
money to "build the wings and intervening part of the church,
and to provide pews for the Governor, his Council, and the
members of the House of Burgesses." The foundations alone
remain of the "Old Capitol" at the extreme east end of Duke
of Gloucester Street, and a plain granite boulder, strong and
rugged, bears this brief and eloquent inscription :

Che Old Capitol

"Here, Patrick Henry first kindled the flames of Revolu-
tion by his resolutions and speech against the Stamp Act,
May 29-30, 1765.

Here, March 12, 1773, Dabney Girr offered, and the
Convention of Virginia unanimously adopted, the resolutions
to appoint a Committee to correspond with similar Commit-
tees in the other Colonies: the first step taken towards the
union of the States.

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"Cbc Btstoric environment of Bnrton parish Church 23

Here, May 15, 17/6, the Convention of Virginia,
through resolutions drafted by Edmund Pendleton, offered
by Thomas Nelson, Jr., advocated by Patrick Henry, unani-
mously called on Congress to declare the Colonies free and
independent States.

Here, June 12, 17/6, was adopted by the Convention the
immortal work of George Mason, the Declaration of Rights;
and on June 27, 1776, the first written Constitution of a free
and independent State ever framed."

These were the men and these the days which did most
to -enshrine old Bruton in the heart of history; and in the
church, restored through simple memorials, the nation pays
to them a tribute of devotion.

ZTbe temple of Justice ftbe temple of TKftar

From the churchyard, looking eastward over the Palace
Green, may be seen the COURT HOUSE of 1769, across from
which is the octagon POWDER HORN, built by Governor Spots-
wood in 1714, in which was started the Revolution in Vir-
ginia by the removal of the powder by Lord Dunmore on April
21, 1775, and in which was subsequently organized the Bap-
tist Church in Williamsburg, by the Rev. Scervant Jones,
whose fame as a writer of epitaphs has seldom been surpassed,
as may be seen from the inscription on the tomb in the
churchyard in memory of Ann, his "angel wife."*

Some Hnctent Homes of IDestr^men of
ffiruton partsb (tburcb

Che Qlytbc Rouse .

The large brick house adjoining the churchyard and

The blessing of Scervant Jones, said at the tavern of Mr. Howl whore * ^WcVen that
had been dinner on several previous occasions was served to the Reverend gentleman.
1 ' Good Lord of Love
Look down from above,
And bless che 'Owl
Who ate this fowl
And left these bones
For Scervant Jones."

24 t*e fitstoric environment of Bruton parish Church

facing the Palace Green, was the home of Chancellor George
\Yythe, the teacher, at the College of William and Mary, of
Jefferson, Monroe, and Marshall ; and a signer of the Declara-
tion of Independence. During his Yorktown campaign, this
house was used by General Washington as his headquarters.

Chancellor Wythe was for many years a vestryman and
warden of Bruton Parish Church.

Che Rouse ditb Olhite Columns

The house on the same side of the Palace Green, with
the white columned porch, is associated with the names of
the Pages and Saunders, and as before mentioned, was used
for awhile by Governor Dinwiddie as his palace.

Che Blair Bouse

As one passes from the church to the college, on the right
hand side of the street, there is seen a low house with stone
steps, which was the home of Hon. John Blair, appointed by
Washington as Judge of the United States Supreme Court.
It is said that Chief Justice John Marshall at one time resided
here.

An old letter written by Miss Blair tells of the genial
entrance of Lord Botetourt into a circle of young people,
who, gathered on these stone steps, on a moonlight night,
were singing to the accompaniment of a guitar.

Judge Blair was a member of the Parish Vestry. His
grave lies nearby the gate which opens upon the Palace
Green.

Che College president's Bouse

The house to the right of the walk leading through the
campus of William and Mary College, was the home of the
college presidents, manv of whom were Rectors of Bruton
Church, while others served the church as Parish Vestrymen.
Here, Lord Cornwallis had his headquarters. The building.

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fiistortc ewrironment of Bruton parish Church 29

having been subsequently burned by French troops quartered
there while on their way from Yorktown, was rebuilt by Louis
XVI, from his private purse. (See index for illustration;

Homes on tbe Court (5reen

'Che ditcher Rouse

The house diagonally across from the church with dormer
windows, which wanders with colonial freedom over the lot
once owned by Edmund Randolph, was occupied by Judge
St. George Tucker about 1779, anc ^ has remained in the family
of his descendants.

Tfte peachy Bouse

The second house to the east was the home of Dr.
Peachy, who entertained General LaFayette, and it is said
that when the General returned to Williamsburg in 1824, he
addressed the people of the city from the balcony of this
house.

Basset Rail

At the far east end of Francis Street, back in a spacious
lawn, stands the home of Bunvell Bassett, the friend and fre-
quent host of General Washington. This was also the home
of John Tyler, President of the United States.

Rome of Peyton Randolph

Adjoining the Bassett Hall property is the home of the
Hon. Peyton Randolph, Speaker of the House of Burgesses
and President of the Continental Congress, who for many
years served as Vestryman of Bruton Parish Church.

*Che Gait Bouse

One oi the most ancient homes in Williamsburg stands
on the opposite side of Francis Street, further to the west.

30 Che BtstoHc environment of Bmton parish Church

By whom it was built is not known, but for many years it
was the home of the Gaits, vestrymen of Bruton Parish
Church, and doctors, through successive generations, in charge
of the Eastern State Hospital, which was established by the
House of Burgesses in 1769, and is the oldest institution for
the exclusive care of the insane in America.

The Gaits were also prominent in the Masonic Fra-
ternity, whose delapidated ancient temple, where the first
Grand Lodge of Virginia was organized, stands farther up
on the same side of the street.

Cazetwll Ball

Until recently, the home of Sir John Randolph, Speaker
of the House of Burgesses, and of Edmund Randolph, At-
torney-General during Washington's administration, stood
at the head of England Street, to the south of the Powder
Horn. The house has been turned around, and now faces
the east.

tber points of Interest

Raleigh Cavern

The site of the old Raleigh Tavern, now occupied by the
store of L. W. Lane & Son, is of interest, as it was here that
the Burgesses frequently met, after the House was dissolved
by I^ord Dunmore, and acted upon many of the most import-
ant measures culminating in the Revolution. Bruton Parish
Church was doubtless called in those days to counteract
many influences which proceeded from this famous resort,
where the genial freedom of colonial life gave vent to itself
in excesses which often called for repentance.

Che Six Chimney Lot

.-

On the grounds of the Eastern State Hospital, where
now stands the brick Custis kitchen, once stood the home

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The Yorktown Centennial Monument
Fourteen miles from Williamsburg

Cbc Btstortc Biroiroinwnt of Bruton parish Cburcb 33

where Washington and his bride resided a short time after his
marriage to Mrs. Custis.

Cartels Grove

Five miles from Williamsburg, on the James River, is
the home built by "King Carter" for his daughter, who
married Nathaniel Burwell. This is one of the most stately
and beautiful homes on the James. During the Revolution,
Tarleton and his Cavalry Officers were quartered there, and
they left upon the banisters in the hall the deep slashes of
their sabres

be Spirit of tbe past

Intangible, but real ; invisible, but ever present, the spirit
of the days of long ago haunts and hallows the ancient city
and the homes of its honored dead; a spirit that stirs the
memory and fires the imagination ; a spirit that will, we trust,
illumine the judgment of those who have entered upon this
rich inheritance of the past and lead them to guard these
ancient landmarks and resist the spirit of ruthless innovation
which threatens to rob the city of its unique distinction and
its charm.

Yorktown, with its many associations with the Revolu-
tion, and its interesting memorials of the past, is fourteen
miles from Williamsburg, from which point it is generally
reached by visitors.

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Cburcb at Jamestown

HEN I went first to Virginia, I well remember
wee did hang an awning ( which is an old saile)
to three or foure trees, to shadow us from the
Sunne, our walles were railes of wood, our
seates unhewed trees, till we cut plankes; our
Pulpit a bar of wood nailed to two neighbour-
ing trees; in foule weather we shifted into an
old rotten tent ; for we had few better, and this
came by way of advanture for new. * * * wee
had daily Common Prayer morning and even-
ing, ever} T Sunday two Sermons, and every
three months the holy communion, till our min-
ister died (the Rev. Mr. Hunt) : but our pray-
ers daily, with an homily on Sundaies, we continued two or
three } T ears after, till more Preachers came."*

Thus John Smith describes the beginning at Jamestown
of the permanent establishment of the English Church in
America. It was no commercial spirit, no wild impulse of
godless adventurers, which almost impatiently improvised this
temple in the midst of the primaeval forests, where good
Master Hunt read each day the Morning and Evening Prayer
of the English Church liturgy, and where, having first healed
the dissensions which threatened to overthrow the whole
enterprise, he administered to his people the Holy Communion
"as an outward and visible token and pledge of reconcilia-
tion." The American Church has sought to recall that scene
and to present it as a witness and memoral, through the bas-
relief erected at Jamestown to the memory of Rev. Robert
Hunt It is a witness of a fact which lies firm and strong as
a corner-stone in the foundation of the republic, namely, that
religion was present as a powerful, regulative and construc-
tive force in the establishment of the Virginia Colony, and

Smith, Work* (Arber's ed.), 958

36 Che Church at

was planted here to be a blessing to the people under the
ministry of the old Church of England, and through the forms
of worship set forth and sanctioned in the Book of Common
Prayer. Beneath that sail awning was the ministry of the
English Church represented in Robert Hunt, commissioned
by the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bible, the rule of the
Church's faith, the Book of Common Prayer, embodying the
historic Creeds of Christendom, and the sacred vessels for the
administration of the Holy Communion. These, with the
baptismal font, were the tokens sent by the Mother Church
of England, with her blessing to Virginia, and these tokens
have remained as witnesses to the continuity of the Church's
life, and as the symbols of her terms of unity. They consti-
tute the fundamental part of our inheritance as churchmen,
which we cherish without bigotry, and offer, without narrow-
ness or presumption, as a basis of unity to all who profess
and call themselves Christians.

THE SECOND CHURCH. The second Church was
built within the triangular fort, and was "a homely thing like
a barne, set upon crotchetts, covered with raftes, sedge and
earth; so was also the walls." This building was destroyed
in the conflagration which occurred on January 7, 1608.

THE THIRD CHURCH. The third Church was built
by Captain Newport in 1608, and was repaired by Lord Dela-
ware in 1610. It was a frame structure, sixty feet long by
twenty-four feet wide. "All the pews and the pulpit were of
cedar, with fair broad windows, also 'of cedar, to shut and
open, as the weather shall occasion." The font was "hewen
hollow like a canoe,," and there were two bells in the steeple
at the west end. "The Church was so cast as to be very light
within, and the Lord Governor caused it to be kept passing
sweet and trimmed up with divers flowers." There was a
sexton in charge of the church, and every morning at the
ringing of a bell by him, about ten o'clock, each man ad-
dressed himself to prayers, and so at four of the clock, be-
fore supper. There were a sermon every Thursday and two

38 tftc Church at

sermons every Sunday, the two preachers taking their weekly
turns. "Every Sunday, when the Lord Governor went to
church, he was accompanied with all the Councillors, Cap-
tains, other officers, and all the gentlemen, and with a guard
of fifty Halberdiers in his Lordship's Livery, fair red cloaks,
on each side and behind him. The Lord Governor sat in
the choir, in a green velvet chair, with a velvet cushion be-
fore him on which he knelt, and the council, captains, and
officers, sat on each side of him, each in their place, and when
the Lord Governor returned home, he was waited on in the
same manner to his house."*

In this Church was celebrated the marriage of John
Rolfe, to the Princess Pocahontas in 1614; she having been
previously baptized, most probably, by Rev. Alexander
Wittaker, minister of the Church at Dale's, in the Parish of
Henrico.

THE FOURTH CHURCH. The fourth Church, a
frame structure 50 ft. x 20 ft., was built, "wholly at the
charge of the inhabitants of Jamestown," by Captain Argall
in 1617. This was doubtless the first Church built upon the
present site of the Jamestown Church, and it was in this
building that the first representative legislative Assembly
ever held in America met on July 30, 1619. "Where Sir
George Yeardley, the Governor, being sett downe in his
accustomed place, those of the Counsel of Estate sate next
to him on both handes, except onely the Secretary (John
Pory), then appointed Speaker, who sate right before him;
John Twine, clerke of the General Assembly, being placed
next the Speaker; and Thomas Peirse, the Sergeant, stand-
ing at the barre, to be ready for any service the Assembly
should command him.

"But forasmuche as men's affaires doe little prosper
where God's service is neglected, all the Burgesses took their
places in the Quire till a prayer was said by Mr. (Richard)

* Brown, Firit Republic, 129

"Che Church at Jamestown 39

Bucke, the minister, that it would please God to guard and
sanctifie all our proceedings to his o\vne glory and the good
of this Plantation." i.

THE FIFTH CHURCH. (First Brick Church).
The fifth Church was the first one built of brick, and .was
begun in 1639, under the administration of Sir John Harvey.
This Church was burned September 19, 1676, being fired by
Nathaniel Bacon, Jr. The tower of this building stands,*
"Lone relic of the past."

THE SIXTH CHURCH. The sixth Church, also built
of brick, was upon the foundations of the Church of 1639,
and remained in use for many years. After the removal of
the seat of government to Williamsburg in 1699, Jamestown
languished. This Church, however, remained in use until
about 1758, when it fell rapidly into ruins. The last rector
at Jamestown was Rev. James Madison, D. D., the first
Bishop of Virginia.

THE SEVENTH CHURCH. The seventh Church built
on the Island has just been erected by the Society of Colo-
nial Dames of America over the ancient foundations. The
old tower has not been touched, and stands apart from the
new building, to which it gives entrance. The building and
grounds about it are now the property of the "Associa-
tion for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities." It is a
Church without a minister and without a congregation,
a memorial through which and beyond which one catches
a vision of the church of the tragic past, and from the
ancient tower there seem to come the far away echoes
of the service of other days, but,

"The worshippers are scatted'd now

Who met before thy shrine,
And silence reigns where anthems rose

In days of auld lang syne.

(i) Virginia State Senate Doc. (extra), 1874 , 9-32-

* " Cradle of tfce Republic." revised and rewritten by Lyon G. Tyler, L.L. D , President
of the College of William and Mary.

40 Che Church at

And rudely sighs the wandering wind

Where oft, in years gone by,
Prayer rose from many hearts to Him,

The highest of the high.

The tramp of many a busy foot

Which sought thy aisles is o'er.
And many a weary heart around,

Is still'd for evermore."

With the removal of the Government, Bruton came to
be the Court Church of the Colony; subsequently inheriting
the Jamestown Font and Communion Silver, and is now
the only Episcopal Church in the original County of James
City.

TKistorical Sketcb of Bruton pansb
Cburcb, TOHiamsburg, tDfrginia

Parish Church bears witness to the
continuity of the life of the Church established
at Jamestown in 1607. The history of its
beginning and early life lies in that period of
obscurity occasioned by the destruction and
loss of the written records of the Church and
the county courts of Virginia. From what
remains we learn that in 1632 Middle Planta-
tion (subsequently \Yilliamsburg) was "laid
out and paled in" seven miles inland from
Jamestown in the original county of James
City, and soon thereafter a parish bearing
the plantation name was created. In 1644 a
parish in James City county, called "Etarrop/' was established,
which, on April i, 1648, was united with Middle Plantation
Parish, forming the parish of Middletown. In 1674 the parish
of Mars ton (established in York county in 1654) and Middle-
town Parish were united under the name Bruton Parish.

IRame of tbc parisb

The source from which the name was derived is sug-
gested by the inscription on the tomb of Sir Thomas Lud-
well, which lies at the entrance of the north transept door,
which states that he was born " at Bruton, in the county of
Summerset, in the Kingdom of England, and departed this
life in the year 1678."

* The more complete history of the Parish from the ancient Vestry Books was publish-
ed by the author in 1903. This chapter was first written by the author for the Southern
Churchman, Oct. 37, 1906, for the series of article* on Colonial Churches and was copy*
righted by the Southern Churchman Co. and is nied by permission of the Company.

fitstorical Sketch

(tburcb

Che first Church and the Church of 1674

There was a church building in Williamsburg in 1665,
which in 1674 had come to be known as the "Old Church."
This fact is established by an entry in the vestry book of
Middlesex Parish, \yhich directs that a church be built in
that parish, "after the model of the one in Williamsburg.' 1
How long this building had been in use is not known, but it
had grown old in 1674, at which time the new vestry book
opens with the order under date "April ye i8th," that a
"New church be built with brick att ye Middle Plantation."
Land sufficient for the church and churchyard was given by
Col. John Page, together with twenty pounds sterling to aid
in erection of the building. The beginning of Church life in
this building, the foundations of which were unearthed during
the excavations made in 1905, is noted in the quaint entry
under date "November ye 29th f 1683 : Whereas, ye Brick
Church at Middle Plantation is now finished, It is ordered yt
all ye Inhabitants of ye said Parish do for the future repair
thither to hear Divine Service and ye Word of God preached ;
And that Mr. Rowland Jones, Minister, do dedicate ye said
Church ye sixth of January next, being ye Epiphany."

The records of this period tell of the "old Communion
Table," which is to be removed to the minister's house and
there remain; of the purchase of a "Ring of Bells;" of fees
paid in tobacco for registering official acts, and for digging
graves in the church aisle and chancel, and of "ye sum of
Sixteen Thousand Six Hundred and Sixty Six pounds of
Tobacco and Caske," to be paid annually to Mr. Rowland
Jones, Minister. Col. John Page has accorded to him "the
privilege to sett a pew for himself and ffamily in the Chancell
of the New Church," while the rest of the congregation is
made subject to the order "that ye Men sit on the North side
of the Church and ye Women on the left." Later on it is
ordered that "Ye Gallerv be assigned for the use of the Col-

44

fiistoncal Sketch

lege Youth" of William and Mary, to which gallery there is
to be 4 put a door with a lock and key, the sexton to keep the
key " Here the students sat and carved their names, which
may be seen to-day, and doubtless indulged in incipient rea-
soning relative to religious liberty. Thomas Jefferson was
among them In the long records relative to the conflict as
to the "right of Induction" we see the evidence of the spirit
of liberty and the demand for self-government The vestry,
the representatives of the people, in these conflicts were gain-
ing experience in the science of self-government Their con-

The Duke of Gloucester Street, looking East

tention, that the civil authority should not impose ministers
upon the congregation without the consent of the people, led
to struggles which were prophetic and preparatory to the part
which the vestrymen of the Church were subsequently to take
in the House of Burgesses as champions of the liberties of
the peopk of Virginia

Btstortcal Sketch 45

Bruton Parish church, upon the removal of the seat of
government from Jamestown to \Yilliamsburg in 1699, suc "
ceeded to the prestige which pertained to the church of the
Capital of the Colony. From this time there grew about the
church an environment of ever-increasing interest, and about
it gathered an atmosphere which with the passing years has
caught and reflects the light of other days.

The county road which ran by the church yard, marking
the inward and outward march of English civilization, now
rose to the dignity of the Duke of Gloucester Street The new-
ly-designed yard and gardens of the Governor's palace swept
down along the east wall of the church. In spacious yards
adjacent rose the stately houses of the Virginia gentry who
had resorted to the capital. Near by towered the wall of the
College of William and Mary, and the halls of the Virginia
House of Burgesses, and facing each other on the open green
stood the Court of Justice and the octagon Powder Horn.
The church had become the Court church of Colonial Vir-
ginia. His Excellency the Governor, attended by his Council
of State and surrounded by the members of the House of
Burgesses, gave to the church an official distinction and a
position of unique importance.

t3be Church of 1710-15

The old brick building of 1674 soon became inadequate
to the needs of the situation, and in 1710, during the rector-
ship of the Reverend Commissary James Blair, D. D., it was
determined that a new church should be built. Plans were
furnished by Governor Alex. Spotswood, who proposed that
the vestry should build the two ends of the church and prom-
ised that the government "would take care of the wings and
intervening part." The House of Burgesses, in addition, was
pleased to state that they "would appropriate a Sufficient Sum
of Money for the building of pews for the Governor, Council
and the House of Burgesses/' and appointed Mr. John Hollo-

46 Rtstortcal Sketch

way, Mr. Nicholas Meriwether and Mr. Robert Boiling a
committee to co-operate with the vestry in the undertaking.

This building, which was completed in 1715, has re-
mained continuously in use and has well withstood the rough
usages of war and the devastating touch of time. Its minis-
ters, as shown from cotemporaneous records, were, without
a single exception, men of superior culture and godly piety.
Most of them were Masters of Arts from the Universities of
Oxford and Cambridge, or full graduates of the College of
William and Mary, and that they served the cause of Christ
with devotion and fidelity is attested in every instance by
resolutions of the vestry.

Official distinction was recognized and emphasized in the
church. >To His Excellency the Governor and his Council
of State was assigned a pew elevated from the floor, over-
hung with a rich red canopy, around which his name was em-
blazoned in letters of gold, the name being changed as Spots-
wood, Drysdale, Gooch, Dinwiddie, Fauquier, Lord Bote-
tourt and Lord Dunmore succeeded to office. In the square
pews of the transepts sat the members of the House of Bur-
gesses, the pews in the choir being assigned to the Surveyor-
General and the Parish Rector, while in the overhanging gal-
leries, in the transepts, and along the side walls of the church
sat the Speaker of the House of Burgesses and other persons
of wealth and distinction to whom the privilege of erecting
these private galleries was accorded from time to time.

t*e Church and the Revolution

With the approach of the American Revolution, the ser-
vices in old Bruton assumed a tone of tenderness and of thril-
ling interest, unique in character, and fervent with power.
Men, as they listened to the proclamation of the Gospel of re-
demption, saw clearer the vision of liberty, and felt a deeper
need of the guidance and help of God. Washington makes
mention in his diary of attending services here and adds,
"and fasted all day." A cotemporaneous letter, written by one

Btstcrtcal Sketch 47

of the congregation to a friend in London, tells of the in-
tensity of grief and the depth of feeling manifested in the ser-
vice held by order of the government when news reached
America that Parliament had passed the "Stamp Act." The
church, it was said, would not begin to hold the people who
thronged to attend the service. These people loved old Eng-
land, and were bound to her by material interests and by ties
of blood. They wanted to continue to honor and obey the
civil authority, and to pray for their King, and they thronged
to these services in old Bruton to express their faith and de-
votion and the passionate longing of their lives for justice,
liberty, and peace, and to-day the old church is hallowed by
the memory of these prayers which arose from bleeding hearts
to our Fathers' God and our God, through the 'Liturgy which
we use and love the more for these associations by which it
is hallowed and enriched. In the eventide, when the parting
glory of the day falls like a benediction and lingers in the
old church, the old scenes come like a vision before the illum-
ined imagination. Upon bended knee we seem to behold that
noble band of patriot legislators Nelson, Wythe, Harrison,
Braxton, the Lees, Cabell, Gary, Carr, Carrington, Carter,
Nicholas, Norvell, Richard Bland, George Mason, Edmund
Pendleton, Peyton Randolph, Patrick Henry, George Wash-
ington and the rest, and the walls seem again to echo back
their supplication to the King of Kings: "We beseech thee
to hear us good Lord."

Rfetoric Memorials

The old Prayer Book, which bears the inscription "Bru-
ton Parish, 1752," bears witness, through erasures and mar-
ginal insertions, to answered prayers. The Prayer for the
President is pasted over the Prayer for King George III.
while the prejudice engendered by the passions of men is
evidenced by a line run through the words "King of Kings,"
and the marginal insertion, "Ruler of the Universe." The
Bible of this period is also preserved, together with the old

d

Ui

cs

&4

fifetorical Sketch 49

Parish Register, containing the name of George Washington
eleven times and it tells of the baptism of 1,122 negro ser-
vants within a period of twenty years, with man}' pages
of this part of the record missing.

Besides these, the church is the inheritor and custodian
of other sacred memorials of the past. The old Jamestown
baptismal font and Communion silver are still in use at Bru-
ton Church, together with a set of Communion Silver, made
in 1686, given by Lady Gooch to the College of William and
Mary, and a set bearing the royal arms of King George III.
These memorials will be preserved in the future in the fire-
proof crypt built beneath the chancel of the church.

Innovations of 1840

It seems almost incredible that the need of a Sunday-
school room should have led the congregation in 1840 to
yield to the spirit of innovation,. and destroy, as they did, the
interior form and appearance of the church, but at this time
a partition wall was built across the church; the high corner
pulpit, the colonial pews and the flag-stone chancel and aisles
were removed; the chancel, which enshrined the graves of
Orlando Jones, progenitor of Mrs. Martha Washington, the
graves of the Blairs and Monroes and of Rev. Dr. William
H. Wilmer, was removed from its ancient place in the east
end of the church and affixed to the wall of partition, and
the interior of the building furnished and decorated in modern
style with money secured by a church fair.

Oe Restoration of 1905-07

The work of restoration, inaugurated on May 15, 1905,
by a sermon preached by Rev. Beverley D. Thicker, D. D., now
Bishop Coadjutor of the Diocese of Southern Virginia, has
been planned and executed with absolute fidelity to colonial
type 9nd historic verity, with the endeavor to reproduce the

50 Bfetorleal Sketch

form and feeling of the past. Over $27,000 has been spent
for the structural preservation and restoration of the building.
The foundations and roof timbers have been renewed; a shin-
gle tile roof covers the building, and an iron and concrete
floor safeguards it from dampness and fire. The tower wood-
work, together with the clock, originally in the House of Bur-
gesses, have been restored, and the bell, engraved, "The gift
of James Tarpley to Bruton Parish, 1761," again rings out
the passing hours. The high pulpit with overhanging sound-
ing-board stands again at the southeast corner and is memo-
rial to the Rev. Commissary James Blair, D. D., and the other
clergy of the colonial period. The chancel has regained its
place in the east, and with the aisles, is paved with white mar-
ble in which are set tombstones appropriately inscribed to
mark the graves discovered during the process of excavation.
Of the twenty-eight graves found in the aisles and chancel,
nine were identified by letters and dates made by driving brass
tacks in the wood of the Coffin. Among the graves thus
marked with marble slabs are those of Governor Francis Fau-
quier, Governor Edmund Jenings, and Dr. William Cocke,
Secretary of State. The pews restored in colonial style have
all been made memorial ; those in the transepts, to twenty-one
of the patriots of the Revolution ; those in the choir, to the
Surveyors-General and the Presidents of the College of Wil-
liam and Mary, and those in the nave, to the vestrymen of the
parish during the colonial period. Each pew has upon the
door a bronze tablet, inscribed with the name of the person
memoralized. Over the Governor's pew has been placed
a silken canopy, emblazoned with the name of Governor Alex-
ander Spotswood, and affixed to the wall is a bronze tablet
inscribed with the names of the colonial governors who wor-
shipped here.

The Bible to be given by King Edward VII, and the
Lectern to be presented by the President of the United States,
are in memory of the three hundredth anniversary of the

fifetortcal Sketch 51

establishment of the English Church and English civilization
in America.

Preserved and restored, the old church will be typical of
the strong and simple architectural designs of the colonial
period, and a witness to the faith and devotion of the Nation
Builders. Rising from amid the sculptured tombs of the
honored dead who lie beneath the shadows of its walls, old
Bruton stands, as the Bishop of Southern Virginia has said,
"The noblest monument of religion in America."

"A link among the clays, to knit
The generations each to each."

Williamsburg, Va., September 27, 1906.

Some Hncient Destv^ rbers

first Entrs in IDestr? 3Boofc of 1674

Hpril^c i8tb, 1674, Che Bonourable Coll: DanL parhe,
JVfr* Rowland ^fotica, Minister, M** 7obn Page, JMr* Raines
Besoutb, ]Mi** Robt* Cobb and JMr* Bray*, Capt* Cbesley, and
Mr* Hylett, Church ^Hardens* Mv* 5obn Owens, Sidesman*
Chcrc being in the last levie 6igbt Cbousand .five hundred
pounds of tobacco in Caefce, Lcvycd to tbe honourable Cbomas
Ludwell^ Secretary and Daniel Parhe t 6sq*, 25 pound sterling^
due to them upon y* purchase of y* 6lebe^ &c*

trbe BeMcatton of tbe Cburcb of 1683

"November y e 29 tb 1683.^

"t^be parish Church is at length completed, and the Vestry
notice the fact by the following: <Hhereas y c Erich Church at
Middle plantation is now finished, It is ordered y* all ye In-
habitants of y c said parish, do for tbe future repair thitherto
bear Divine Service, and y* word of God preached: Hnd that
Mr* Rowland 'Jones, Minister, do dedicate y* said Church y*
Sixth of January next* being y epiphany* Hnd that Hlexan-
der Bonyman,Clerhe, sett up notice at y* Mill? to give notice
thereof; Hnd that y* Ornaments, etc*, be removed pr yc
Church ^Hardens, and also yt yc old Communion 'Cable be re-
moved to y* ministers bouse and there remain*"

3ees of Clerfc anb Sexton

The fees of the Clerk at this time were ordered to be :
" three pounds of Cobacco for registering every Christening
and Burial in y* Parish, and y* Sexton to have ten of tobacco
for every grave that be diggs*"

(i) All of tbese ancient orders were published in "The Historical Notes of Bmton
Parish Church," 1903.

Some Hncient Vestry Orders 53

rt>er TReiating to Governor THcboison ant>
the parisb IDestrp

Ht a Vestry held for Bniton Parish y* 7th Hugust, 1705,"
"Bis excellency the Governor sending to this Ves-
try (bv y* band of ]Mr* <Bm* Robertson) Hn Hltar Cloth and
Cushion as a present for y* use of y parish, together with
fifty shillings for y* use of y* poor, and desiring y* said gift
of fifty shillings might be recorded in the Vestry booh as being
his excellency's usual quarterly gift ; and also what bis ex-
cellency bath formerly given, together with an account how y*
same bath been disposed of , 'Che Vestry return this answer
by JMr* Robertson, (viz) We return bis excellency many
tbanhs for ye Hltar Cloth, and also for y* fifty shillings now
sentwinch we assure bis excellency's shall be registered; but
not knowing it to be bis excellences Constant Custom, we
cannot register it as such without we hnow att present what
bis excellency bath given to the poor; but we do promise to
examine that matter against y* next Vestry, and what ap-
pears to us, then shall be registered*"

As to the thoroughness of this investigation, and its re-
sult, we are not told. His Excellency gets no farther credit
for his accustomed benevolence. He sends no more quar-
terly offerings.

minister's Salary

Ninth of 3une, 1682, "Ordered that MI*. Rowland 3ones
minister, for the future shall be paid annually y* sum of Six-
teen thousand six hundred and sixty-six pounds of Cobacco
and Cashe* Hny former order of Testry to the contrary not-
withstanding** Here follow the names and the sentence,
Cester, Hlex* Bonnyman* u Teritas non est dubitanda*"

Cburcb attendance

3une 9tb, 1682. " 'Che Vestry of this parish taheing into
consideration that many and divers of the inhabitants have

54- Some Hncient Vestry Orders

been negligent in comeing to church, tending to ye dishonor of
6od and the contempt of Government, Cbere the said Vestry
have now ordered, Chat such person or person inhabiting in
this Parish, as shall be negligent herein, shall be presented by
ye Church CQardens to ye Court, and then be proceeded with
according to Law, and that publication hereof be made p r ye
Clerfee at both Churches*" These Churches were, no doubt,
one in the upper and one in the lower portions of the Parish.

private pews

Jimc 9th, 1 682, "thought fit and likewise ordered, that Coll :
3no* page may (might) have the privilege to sett a pew for
himself and his ffamily in the Chancell of the new Church at
JMiddle plantation."

Cburcb H?art> Xanfc

On November i4tb, 1678, the land on which the Church was
built, together with * sixty feet of the same, every way for a
Church-yard," was the gift, forever, of the "Bonourable Coll:
John Page** every receipt given by frauds page, for moneys
received for the new Church, is thus signed j " I say, Received
pr Me ffra: Page."

rber IRegulattne Burial in tbe Cburcb an&
Cfoancel

Ht a Vestry held the sist October, 1684* present: "Che
Minister, Mr* Rowland lones, the Bon* Philip Ludwell, 6sq*,
the Bon* 3no* page, 6eq*, the Bon* lames Bray, Gsq*,
ye Bon* Cbos* Ball and Capt* ffrancis page," Ac*, it was
resolved that "ffor the privilege of Burials either in y* Chan-
cell, or in y^ new Church, it is ordered by this Vestry, that for
breaking up ye ground in ye Cbancell, ye ffees payable to ye
Minister shall be one thousand pounds of tobacco, or five
pounds sterling; and in ye Church ye ffee payable to the par-
ish shall be five hundred pounds of tobacco, or fifty shillings

Some Hncient Vestry Orders 55

in money; and that y* Minister be at y* charge to relay y*
Cbancell, and y* parish for the same*"

rfcer as to Wbere Certain people Sboulfc
Sit in Cburcb

January 9, 1716, it is "Ordered that the Men sitt on the
North side of the Church, and the Olomen on the left*

Ordered that Mr. Commissary Blair sitt in the head pew
in the Church, and that be may Carry any Minister into the
same.

u Ordered that the parishioners be seated in the Church, and
none others*

"Ordered that the Vacant room in the -west end of the
Church be made into three convenient pews, and that the
Church ^Hardens agree with some workmen to do the same*

"Ordered that Mr* lobn Custis be removed into the pew
appropriated to the Surveyor General*"

provision flDafce for College Students

On the i otb 3uly, 1718," Olbereas complaint bad been made
to this Vestry* that there was not room in the gallery for the
^outb that come from the Coltedge, and that they were
crowded by others* also that several of the parishioners were
crowded, for remedy of which, it is

"Ordered, that libertv shall be given the Colledge to tahe
that part of y* Gallery for the use of the Colledge toutb, as
far from the pillar on the south side of the Isle of the Church,
to the north side of the Church, also that farther leave be
given them to put a door, with a loch and hey to it, to the
stairs of the said Gallery, and the Sexton to keep the hey*"

Organ Xoft

govern* 18, 1755, "Ordered that the Revd* and Bonourable

56 Some Hncient Vestry Orders

Commissary 'Chomas Dawson> the Honourable Jno* Blair,
6sqr*, Peyton Randolph, Gsqr*, Benjamin Qlaller, Ssqr*, or any
three of them, do agree with a person to build a loft for an
Organ in the Church in the City of OKUiamsburg, and to set
up the same* M* * Peter pelham is unanimously appointed and
Chosen Organist of the Church in the City of QliUtamsburg."

rfcer Showing Mow 36ruton (tame to be tbe
44 Court Cburcb of Colonial Dirginfa"

* Ordered, Chat the Church {Hardens goe and acquaint the
Rouse of Burgesses, that the Gentlemen of the Testry were
ready to -wait upon them when they should appoint*"

u Having Delivered their Message, they returned and ac-
quainted this Meeting that the Rouse had appointed Mr* ^fohn
Bolloway, Mr* Nicholas Mcrriwctbcr, and Mr* Robert Boiling,
to wait upon the Testry and hear their proposals*"

"Mr* 3no* Bolloway, Mr* Robert Boiling and Mr* Nicholas
Merriwetbcr, delivered a Message (from the Bouse of Bur-
gesses) to this effect, that the Bouse was willing to appropri-
ate a sufficient sum of money for the building pews for the
6overmv Council and Bouse of Burgesses;"

9 sufficient sum of money was snbsequently appropriated
by the Bouse to do this, and to pay for building the "two
wings and intervening part of the Church*"

Cburcb Service in Colonial

EFORE passing from this long ago period of the
histor\ r of the Church, let us endeavor to bring
back an accustomed scene in Bruton Parish
Church in Colonial da3 T s:

The old bell breaks the stillness of the Sabbath
morn. It calls the whole community to the
house of pra} r er. Xo other bell is heard. There
is no other place for worshippers to go. unless
they choose to attend some gathering in an
humble meetinghouse where some who co not
like the Prayer-book, vestments, or organ music, are wont
to meet to v^orship according to the dictates of their con-
science. The community, as a whole, adheres to the estab-
lished Church. Old fashioned coaches diive up to the gate

Colonial Scene from Painting: by Wordsworth Thompson, in the Metropolitan
Museum of Art

and, as the door is opened by a liveried footman, the occu-
pants come forth clothed after the last year's fashion of the
Court of George the Third. Around the door the colonial

58 Cbe Church Service in Colonial Days

Gentry are assembled, clothed in colonial garb. In
voices somewhat animated, and with language not
always according to the catechism, they are discussing the
Stamp Act, and other usurpations and injustices of the
Government. It is a genuine debate, for here forces are very
largely divided, and in the crowd are many stout Tories,
who are warm in support of the King, and of his representa-
tive, his Excellency the Governor. From Raleigh Tavern
there comes a group of men who are representatives of the
people in the House of Burgesses. Some of them give indi-
cation of having been up late the night before. Their faces
show very red beneath their flowing wigs of white. They
are talking with loud voice and animated gesture. The
King finds few advocates among them, and is being roundly
abused in a most disloyal way. They calm down as they
approach the Church. The Governor's carriage sweeps
down the Palace Green and draws up before the door. The
service will soon begin. We pass into the Church. In spite
of all the care we take, our footsteps resound through the
building as we walk down the flag-stone aisle. Passing into
a large square pew we close the door and wait. It is diffi-
cult to see those in front of us. The pews, we note, were
built to encourage reverence rather than observation.
There are some things, however, which we can see in spite
of the high back pews. We notice that the men sit on the
north side of the Church, and the women on the left, and
are informed that it is because the Vestry has so ordered it.
Mr. Peter Pelham enters, and ascending the "organ loft,"
begins to play the new organ recently purchased in England
for the Church by order of the House of Burgesses. The
students from the College of William and Mary enter,
attended by one of the Masters, and file into the gallery
assigned to them in the south wing of the Church. Among
them are a number of young Indians who are being educated
and christianized at the college. When the students have
all entered, the gallery door is locked, and the key given to
the sexton. There is no chance now for tliem to escape, no
matter how long the parson may preach.

By an outside stairway, leading up to the gallery in the
north wing, we see the servants of the parishioners enter,

Che Church Service tn Colonial Days 59

and reverently await the commencement of the service.
We are told that many of them are consistent communi-
cants, and that all have been baptized.

The door at the west, leading from the tower, opens,
and the minister, who has vested there, enters and, passing
down the aisle, enters the chancel at the east end of the
Church. The Clerk takes his place at the desk below the
pulpit, which stands down in the body of the building at
the south-east corner of the Church.

And now, even over the high back pews, we can see
that something is attracting general attention. The tower
door opens, and the Court procession enters; His Excellency,
the Governor, passes down the aisle to his pew. It is in
the chancel end of the Church, on the north side of the aisle;
it is elevated from thefloor. A rich red canopy hangs over it,
and around it in large letters of gold is the Governor's
name. The Council of State, and the members of the House
of Burgesses, and the Surveyor-General take pews officially
assigned. The service begins. The minister reads, and the
Clerk, and the people who have Prayer Books, respond.
The Beadle keeps his e\ e upon the College youth in partic-
ular, and upon the whole congregation in general. There is
no disturbance. We hear what sounds like an imprecation
from a near-by pew when the prayer is said for George the
Third and the Royal Family, but it is discreetly suppressed,
and no note is taken of it.

The service ended, the minister leaves the chancel and,
passing down the aisle with the Governor's pew on his right,
ascends the high steps leading up into the pulpit at the
south-east corner, takes his text, and begins his sermon.
Those who have brought braziers with which to warm
their pews, listen with comfort, if not always with patience.
Others grow cold and restless, and determine that they
would not come to Church if the law had not made it an
offence for fine and imprisonment to stay away.

The benediction said, groups gather in the Church (in a
very unchurchly way) and exchange greetings, collect the
news> discuss the sermon, and exchange opinions, and go to
their homes, homes noted for hospitality and good-cheer,
but pervaded, nevertheless, by a respect for religion and, in
many instances, by a beautiful spirit of earnest Christian
devotion.

a

"c

3

S

o

flRemorials of tbe past

HE Church has at present three sets of Com-
munion Silver, which on account of their
sacred associations and antiquity, are highly
prized and carefully preserved. The follow-
ing description of this plate is taken by permis-
sion from a book entitled "Old Plate/' by John
H. Buck, publisher! by the Gorham Manufac-
turing Co , New York, 1888, pp 210-212 :

Jamestown Cburcb Service

"CHALICE, H ro 3-4 in. PATEN, Dia. 7
in. One mark, | \tf, oval object below, plain shield

Inscription on each : JMixc not holy thinges with pro-
fane. Bx dono -francisct Morrison, Hrmujert Hnno Domi
1661* The makerN mark is on the celebrated cup formerly
belonging to the Blacksmith's Company, London, 1655, and
purchased at the Dexter sale for no less a sum than 378
and it is also found in a shaped shield on the copper plate
preserved at Goldsmith's Hall 1675-1697.

ALMS BASIN, Dia. 9 3-4 in. Four marks: i, Lion pas-
sant : 2, Leopard's Head, crowned : 3, Small Roman d, London
1739 : 4, maker's mark, T. F. ( Thomas Farren). Inscription :
For tbe use of jfamca City parish Church* This service has
been in use in Bruton Church since the Church at Jamestown
was abandoned. (See illustration.)

College Silver

Two-handled CUP AND COVER, gilt H 3 3-4 in. ; Dia.
4 1-4 in. Four marks: Lion passant; 2, Leopard's Head,

62 Memorials of Che past

crowned; 3, black letter small \ London 1686; 4, maker's
mark PH> crown and two ermine spots above, crescent
below, shaped escutcheon, Peeter Harache. This maker's mark
is also to be found on the copper plate preserved at Gold-
smith's Hall.

PATEN, Dia. 51-2 in. Four marks: I, Lion passant; 2,
Leopard's Head, crowned; 3, small Roman q, London 1751 ;

4, maker's mark R0, (Richard Gurney and Co.)
C

The cup is beautifully chased and embellished with ap-
plique leaves and bears private arms, the Paten is of less deli-
cate workmanship. (See illustration.)

3be Iking George IHIfl Service

FLAGON, H 10 1-2 in. CHALICE, H 10 in. ALMS
BASIN, Dia 10 in. Four marks on Flagon: I, Lion passant;
2, Leopard's Head, crowned; 3, Old English capital ^London
1766; 4, makers mark 9^ crowned (Thos. Heming).

On Chalice the maker's mark is wanting, and the date
letter is an Old English 3| London 1764, there are no marks
on the Alms Basin. All engraved with the Royal Arms be-
between the initials G 1 1 1 R th motto "fioni soft qui
mal y pcnse** (See illustration.)

Plate of the same date and by the same maker is at
Trinity Church, New York."

These services of communion silver, when not in use,
are kept in a fire-proof vault.

Gbe font

According to tradition, the Font in Bruton Church was
used in the Church at Jamestown, and was brought from that

The Communion Silver known as *' The Queen Anne Set "
Presented to the College of William and Mary by Lady Gooch,

The Jamestown Baptismal Font.

CC

C

3
3

JVfctnonals of the past

65

place when the House of Burgesses was moved to Williams-
burg, m 1699.

The bell which has rung out the years for more than a
century and a quarter, has engraved upon it, "The gift of
James Tarpley to Bruton Parish, 1761." There was a still

The Bell, presented by James Tarpley to Bruton Parish Church, 1761.

older bell, which has been referred to; for the vestry, in 1769,
entered an order for their contractor, Benjamin Powell, to
have the "Old Bell and the materials of the old steeple."
(For associations connected with this bell, see copy of in-
scription on the Bell tablet)

66 Memorials of ^Cbc Past

Cbe Clocfc

The clock in the church steeple is said to have been
originally in the Virginia House of Burgesses, from which
place it was moved to the Court House, and in 1840, permis-
sion was given to the town authorities to have it placed in
the steeple of the church.

The works were sold in 1905, the old dial plate being
retained. (See inscription on the clock tablet.)

<>R> IRecorfc ffioofcs

The old Parish Register of the Church is still in the pos-
session of the Vestry. It was found some years ago in a
box of papers, where it had doubtless been hid for safe keep-
ing during the war. During this time, it was badly mutilated
by some person, ignorant of its value. A large number of
pages were torn from the front and back of the book. It
now contains the records of Baptisms from 1739 to May 2ist,
1797, and the record of Deaths from April I3th, 1662, to De-
cember i8th, 1761. Thus it would appear that pages contain-
ing the record of seventy-seven years were torn from the
front, and pages containing the record of deaths for thirty-
six years were torn from the back. The book that remains
has been rebound, and is kept in an iron safe in the crypt
of the church.

The entries in this Old Parish Register prior to 1674
seem to belong to one of the adjacent churches, probably to
the one situated in the Marston Parish, which was united with
Middletown Parish in 1674.

The Baptismal record in this book shows with what
care the members of the Church provided spiritual ministra-
tion for the children of their servants. During the twenty-
five years over which the records extend, 1122 negro servants
were baptized in Bruton Parish. A gallery was subsequently
built for the colored servants in the north transept.

The data contained in this old Parish Register has been
incorporated in the History of Bruton Parish Church, pub-
lished in 1903.

H
o

s

Evening

is from all penis and dangers

of this night, for the hne of

thy only Son our Saviour Jefus

Chnft. Amen,-

1 1n Cfatrs and Places where they

fmg^ Ixre fottmetk the Anthem.

1 A Prayer for the Kings

Majejty.

heavenly Fa-
therj^feh and mighty,
ofr4anffl, LbEd-offord^
MB^rtio

'doftrrom thy throne behold all
the dwellers upon earth j Moft
heartily we befeech t*
thy favour to behold
^^^tf<a*^gr^oas-4>ovcrcign Lord-

Prayer.

thy heavenly grace; profper
them with all luppmek ; and
Dnng them to thine cverlaftii*
Kingdom, through Jefus ChrriJ-
our Lord. Amen.
f Prayer for tbd Ckrgy and

People.

A Lmighty and everlaftmo;
/\GU^eB64wA6te y
great mapcds^S

fiijpf/fa. G&ORCK, and to repleni
a**e3S&& ; with the <*r|ee of thy Holy Spi-
&} a& sfov? rit, tliatMnmy alway incline to
^ 4^&rt< thy will, japd-walk in thy way
' Endue ^K^>lenteounv^witt:
^heavenly ^s; grant -^ffi^ir
'"health andwftfefe-long to live;
4feegtbAnrihat ho me
: - J H

\anquith and <

ad finally after this
J atom everlafting
Joy and feliaty, through Jefus
Chrift our Lord. ^/msn.
K A Pray erf or tbs Royal Family

ALmighty God, the foun-
tain or ail goodnefs, we
humify, beftech thec to blefs

\-\. '** -<- . - --die Princds
Dovrae?sr of ff r aks s . - j- 6 -
*. - . - - and all the Roya
Warmly: Eodue them With rlry
HdySpiritj enrich them with

to their C,
Spirit of thy grace; and that
they may truly pleafe thee,
pour upon them the continual
dew of thy blefling. Grant
.this, O Lord, for the honour
'of our Advocate and Media-
tor, Jefus Chrift Jmm
\ APrayeroj S. Chryfoftom
A Lmighty God, who haft
\^ given us grace at this
time with one accord to make
our common fupplications unto
thee 5 and doft promife, that
when two or three are gathered
together in thy Name, thou wilt
grant their retjuefts* Fulfil now,
OLord,the defiresand petitions
of thy forants, as may be moft
expedient for them , granting
us in. tliis world knowledge of
thy truth, and in the world to
come life evcrhfting. Jmen*
^ Cor, xiii 14.

THE grace of our Lord
Jefus Chrift, and the lore
of God, and the fcllovvlhip of
the Holy Ghoft, be with us all

Jftre enfati tfa Qrdtf of Swung Pnyj

; 2lw

The Pre-Revolutionary Prayer Book with Marginal Corrections

Memorials of the Past 69

lre*1Re\>olutionar\> flira^er J&oofc anb Bible

In 1905, the Pre-Revolutionary Prayer Book of Bruton
Parish Church was accidentally found while removing debris
from an unused room adjoining St. Paul's Church, Peters-
burg, Virginia, and was returned to Bruton Parish by Rev.
O. S. Bunting, D. D., Rector of St. Paul's Church. The
book, which measures one foot, six and a half inches by eleven
inches and a half, was printed in London by John March, for
the Company of Stationers, 1729, and has stamped on the
outside of the leather binding "Bruton Parish, 1/52." In
this book, the prayer for the President of the United States
is pasted over the prayer for King George III, in the morn-
ing service. In the evening service the charges are interlined,
"King cf Kings" yielding by reason of the then prevailing
prejudice, to "Ruler of the Universe. 1 ' Many other changes
are also interlined, making the book conform to the ratified
American use.

Later prayer Booh

The Parish also has a book of Common Prayer, printed
in Philapelphia in 1837, presented by Mrs Elizabeth Scott
of Philadelphia, in which the prayer for the President of the
United States is scratched out, and on the margin is written,
"April 17, 1861, the Governor of Virginia."

ttbe l& Bible

The Pre-Revolutionary Bible bound in boards covered
with thick black leather, measures one foot, seven and a half
inches by twelve inches and a half. It was printed in London
by Thomas Baskett, Print-er to the King's Most Excellent
Majesty; and by the Assigns of Robert Baskett. MDCCLIIL

On the blank page of this Bible, between the Apocrypha
and the New Testament, are a number of records of births and
deaths in the Mills family.

These old books will be kept in the safe in the crypt of
the church.

flfoemorial Bnbowment

secure its protection and preservation, the
Church should be endowed. This endowment
should be given to provide a perpetual fund, first
of all, for the preservation of the old Church
building, and for the rightful care of the grounds
where sleep the dead who worshipped here, and
loved, as we do now, this sacred soil which now
enshrines their dust. This endowment would be
a fitting tribute from the living to the memory of
the dead, and would be to the glory of God, who
has watched over and protected this ancient and hallowed
Temple which bears witness to the faith and devotion of
our forefathers.

All the pews in Bruton Parish Church have been restored
in Colonial style to the memory of distinguished statesmen
and Churchmen who worshipped here during the Colonial
period of Virginia's history. The names of those to whose
memory the pews have been restored have been placed on
bronze tablets on the pew doors.

It has been decided that the pews, thus restored, may be
endowed. The plan adopted proposes that inside the pew a
tablet may be placed, which can be read from the aisle of the
Church, stating that the pew has been endowed in memory of
the person named on this second tablet.

The memorial endowments may be made as follows : The
four pews in the choir (exclusive of the Governor's pew) in
the sum of $1.000 each; the pews in the transepts of the
Church in the sum of $500 each ; the pews on either side of
the main aisle of the Church, except the two front pews, in
the sum of $250 each.

It is hoped that these endowment gifts will be made
memorial either to persons of the Colonial period, or to the
memory of others of later date, who have been connected

Memorial endowment fund 71

with Bruton Parish Church, and who, having finished their
course in faith, do now rest from their labors.

After consultation with the Chancellor of the Diocese of
Southern Virginia, the necessary legal steps were taken to
safeguard this endowment fund, and to secure its investment
and perpetual tenure by Trustees appointed by the Court for
this purpose, in order to secure the fond itself from ever
being borrowed or expended. The interest accruing from
the fund is to be devoted to the purposes for which the
endowment is provided.

A number of these endowments have already been taken.
Those desiring further information on this subject will kindly
communicate with the Rector or Vestry of Bruton Parish
Church.

1

3

Cburcb^arb

OD, through nature, has done much to make
beautiful the spacious grounds where the old
Church stands. Each season gives to the place a
special charm, and a varied loveliness. The spring
calls forth the wild buttercups which spread
themselves over the entire ground like a rich
cloth of gold The summer breathes upon the
roses which blossom forth and bloom here
among the tombs and above the green graves of
the dead of other days. The ancient trees, full-
leaved, cast upon the dark walls of the old Church deep
shadows which lengthen and deepen with the dying day.
Then the touch of autumn tells that another year is begin-
ning to die ; the berries redden on the English hawthorn
tree which stands* near by the ancient tnwer door ; the
vine, clinging to the north wall of the Church, turns
crimson ; and the leaves flash with varied color, then
fall and die. In the bleak winter, the wind, as if at
requiem, sighs through the bare trees, and moans about the
walls and tower of the old Church, and only the ivy which
mantles the eastern end of the building, and clings to the old
trees in the churchyard, remains green. But the scene is one
of matchless beauty, when, from heaven, the mantle of spot-
less white softly falls o'er church and tombs and bending
trees. And then again, there come the glad days that speak
of life, and suggest thoughts of immortality. Dormant vital
forces stir and breathe and move. The air is filled with the
music of birds singing as they nest in the trees in the Temple
court, and is laden with the perfume of the hawthorn bloom,
and violets come forth and weave a border of purple and
green about the bases of the tombs.

The churchyard is associated with many- of the stirring
scenes of the ancient past. Here Nathaniel Bacon, in 1676,
assembled his followers for conference, and beneath the shade

74 "Che Churchyard

of its trees in after years, Commissary Blair presided over
the conference of the Virginia Colonial Clergy. Here the
statesmen and warriors of the Revolutionary period, gathered
in eager groups to debate questions of vital importance, pend-
ing before the Virginia House of Burgesses. And here, in
long years after, the soldiers, wounded in the battles around
Williamsburg, sat talking of other issues while convalescing
from wounds received in battle, the church having been used
for a while as a Confederate Hospital.

In the churchyard many ancient tombs remain, some of
which are of peculiar interest. Here are buried the two chil-
dren of Mrs Martha Washington, by her first husband; the
tombstones of her grandfather, grandmother, great-grand-
father being in the chancel of the church. The sculptured
marble over the grave of Gov. Edward Nott is worthy of
close inspection, speaking through symbols of the flight of
time, of mortality and of an eternal beyond.

The entire surface of the yard has been used for the
burial of the dead, and in many places the shallow graves of
later date were dug where the ground had been used for
burial years before. No stone marks many of these graves
where the fathers of the hamlet and some of the fathers of
the nation sleep.

be <tburcb$arb Mall

The wall around the churchyard was built in 1752.

Some (SUiaint anb Hncfent lpu
tapbs in tbe Cbutcb^arb

Governor igbwarb IRott

Under tbfe Marble Rests y* Hsbcs

of Bis excellency Gchvard JNfott

Late Governor of this Cottony who

In bis private character was a good

Christian and in bis public a good

Governor be was a H lover of Mankind

Hnd Bountiful to bis friends By y*
Sanctity of his Moralls and y* Mildness
prudence and justice of bis Hdmintstra-

tion he was Deservedly esteemed H

public Blessing while be Lived & when

Be Dyed H public Callamity* be Departed

tHris Life tbe zs& Day of Hugust 1706

Hged 49 'tears*

In Grateful Remembrance of who
se many Dutyes tbe General Hssembly
of this Collony have Greeted this
Monument *

SYMBOLISM: The symbolism on this tomb deserves
more than passing notice. On the two sides angels are rep-
resented as seeking in vain to hide death from vie TV. On the
east end are the emblems of mortality, of the resurrection, of
the book of deeds, and of the book of life, and on the west
end the emblems of mortality, the symbol of the flight of
time and the emblems of life, strength, and of nobility.

(i) Edward Nott entered upon his duties as I/ieutenant-Goyernor August 15, 1705. He
procured the passage by the Assembly of an act for the building of a "palace" for the
Governor, with an appropriation of 3.000, also an act establishing the general court;
but the last was disallowed bv the British Board of Trade During Governor Nott's
administration the College of 'William and Mary was destroyed by fire. R. A. BROCK.

76 Some Quaint and Hncient epitaphs in Churchyard

ftbomas OLufcwell

(Hrms)i

Cinder this Marble lieth the Body

of Chomas Joidwell 6sq*

Secretary of Virginia, who was born

at Sruton in the County of Somerset

in the Kingdom of 6N6LHWX and

departed this Life in the ^ear 1 678 Hnd

near this place lye the Bodies of Richard

Kemp, 6sq r his predecessor in y* Secretarys

Office 2 and S^Cbomas Lunsf ord K^
in JMemory of whom this ]Marble is placed

by Order of Philip Ludwell 6sq^

Nephew of the said 'Cbomas Ludwell

inthe^ear 1727

flDatbew Wbalep

3 ]Mathew ftlhaley lyes Interred here
QKthin this Comb upon bis father dean

<5dbo Departed

this Life the 26th of

September 1705 Hged

JSine years only child

of iamea Qlhaley

and Mary his wife*

(1) The arms upon the book-plate of Philip I/adwell of "Green Spring" are* Gu, a
bead ar. f three eagles displayed sa. between three towers. MOTTO Penned stretti edil
viso sdolto. R. A BROCK.

(2) Richard Kemp was a member of the Council of Virginia, 1642, and as its President
in June, 1644, upon the departure of Sir William Berkeley for England, became the acting
Governor of the Colony. It is notable that during his incumbency, the first fast and
thanksgiving days in the Colony, of which any record is preserved, were ordered. " Att

,

That the last Wednesday in every month be sett apart for a day of fiast and humiliation.
And that it be wholly dedicated to prayers and preaching." Also, "That the eighteenth
day of April be yearly celebrated by thanksgivings for our deliverance from the hands of
Savaaes." Referring to the recent massacre by the Indians (Henuing's Statutes, I, pp.
289, 390.) Sir William Berkeley returning in June, 1645, resumed tne government of
Virginia, but Richard Kemp continued to serve the Colony as a member of the Council
until 1648. and perhaps later, latterly as the Secretary of the body. He died some time
before 1678 R. A BROCK.

(3) Square piece of marble on the front face of the monument.

Some Quaint and Hnctent epitaphs in Churchyard

77

A legacy left to perpetuate his memory by erecting a
school for the poor of Brtrton Parish, after lying dormant
for over two centuries and a half, was used to erect the
school which now stands at the end of Palace Green, on the
site of the Colonial Governors' Palace. This is now the
observation school of the College of William and Mary.

The Tomb of the Custis Children

Cbiforen of flQrs. Ottartba Custte
Washington

Cinder this stone lies interred
the body of franees park
Custis daughter of Daniel
park Custis, 6scp% and Martha i
bis -wife bom H|irit t^tb 1754
Dyed Hpril ist 1757
.4 years*

(i) Subsequently Mrs. Martha Washington.

78 Some Queer and Hncient epitaphs in Churchyard

Hnn atmson 3ones

Bere lies all that the grave can claim of
JM*a* Hnn "Cimson Atones*

Consort of the
Rev* Scervant lones*
Bom 1st Sept* 1787,
Married i6 Dec, 1 805.
Baptised 3 ]ttar*
Died3une6,

If woman, ever yet did well;
If woman, ever did excell ;
If woman, husband ere adored;
If woman, ever loved the Lord;
If ever faith and hope and love ;
In Rutnati flesh did live and move;
If all the graces ere did meet;
In her in her they were complete.

JMy Hnn, my all my angel wife,
]My dearest one my love my life,
I cannot sigh or say fare well,
But where thou dwellest I will dwell*

IHotu 3obn

Sacred to the memory of the

eldest son of the
formerly president of the Council and

General Court of Virginia*

Soon after his admission to the Bar,

be was appointed Clerh of the Council, which

office he resigned on the commencement
of our Great Revolutionary contest* from that

( i) The tradition is that this stone came down on the same stage that brought Rev
Scerrant Jones and his second -wife to Williamsbturg, but. true to the epitaph on her
tombstone, "He sleeps with the dust of his first partner now."

Some Queer and Hncient epitaphs in Churchyard 79

period he was honoured with a variety
of the most important public appointments,

the duties of which he discharged

with acknowledged talents, singular integrity and

universal approbation to the last office,

which he filled.

Hssociate 3udge of the Supreme Court

of the United States, he was selected,

from the Court of Hppeals of Virginia, by that

distinguished ?udge of merit the father of his country,

Genl tQasbington* Be was a rare

instance of the influence of mild and polished

manners, united with upright conduct, and

and flowing from a heart devoid of

guile or the resentments and passions

of mankind as it is believed he
never excited enmity nor lost a friend*

Be died, as he had lived, a sincere
and pious Christian with entire resignation

to the will of bis Creator, and in

confident expectation of another and

better life, on the 3ist of Hugust 1800*

Hged 68 years and 10 months*

Ulames Jgngraveb on Gomb^Stones in Bruton

Cburcb ant) Cburcb lj)art> t witb

Date of 5>eatb

Michael Archer, 1726; Joan Archer, 1732; Thomas
Hugh Nelson Burwell, 1841; Rolandus Jones, clericus, 1688;
David Meade Randolph, 1830; Hon. John Blair, 1800; John
Millmgton, 1868; his mother-in-law, Mrs. Elizabeth Lett,
1847; Sidney Smith, 1881 ; Virginia C. Smith, 1878; Delia
Adalaide Bucktrout, 1857; Josiah Nelson Bucktrout, 1836;
Richard Manning Bucktrout, 1847; Horatio Nelson Buck-
trout, 1854; Lulie E. Dugger, 1870; Benjamin Earushaw
Bucktrout, 1846; Benjamin Bucktrout, 1849; Mrs. Catherine
Stephenson, 18(32?) ; H. S. E. Edwardus Barradall Armiger,
1743; Henricus Barradall, 1737; children of Henry Washing-
ton and his wife, Cynthia Beverly Tucker, Lucy, 1854; Sarah
Augustine, 1862; Catherine Brooks Coleman, 1883; Annie B.
Gilliam, 1900; Mary Westwood, 1869; Mrs. Ann Burgess,
1771; Catherine Stith, 1776; Mrs. Catherine Blackley, 1771;
James Grimsley, 1763; Robt H. Hord, 1845; James Dix,
1 86 1 ; John Blair, 1792; James Blair, 1791 ; Edward B. Lind-
say, 1855; J ane Blair Henderson, 1800; James Blair Hender-
son, 1795; John Blair Henderson, 1797; Blair Monroe Hen-
derson, 1801: George Bascom Lindsay, 1860; Mr. Charles
Hunt, 1794; Sarah Lindsay, 1850; John Greenhow, 1787;
Elizabeth Greenhow, 1781; Judith Greenhow, 1765; Mrs.
Francis Custis, 17 14-15; Daniel Parke Custis, 1754; Francis
Parke Custis, 1757; Elizabeth Henderson, 1813; Revel. James
Henderson, 1818; Thomas Hamilton Henderson, 1814; Eliza-
beth Bingham, 1851; Ann B. Wilmer, 1854; Captain Francis
Page, i6q2; Alice Pa^e, 1698; John Collett, 1749; Mrs. Mary-
Francis Page, i6q-; Col. John Page 169 1-2; Thomas Horns-

by, 1772; Mrs. Margaret Hornsby. ; Margaret Brown,

1720; Jane Brown, 1720; Thomas Lyttleton Savage, 1855;
Lauretta Ann Winder, 1870; Mary Nicholson, 1793;
Thomas Ludwell, Esq., 1678; Mary E. Dixon, 1836; Eliza-

Bistorical environments 81

beth Page, 1/02; Col. David Bray, 1717; Mrs. Judith Bray,
1720; David Bray, Armiger, 1731; Elizabeth Bray, 1/34;
James Bray, 1690; Joseph Scrivener, 1772; James \VhaIey,
1701; Mathew Whaley, 1705; Capt. Thomas Thorp, 1693;
Katherinc Thorp, 1695; Edward Dyer, 1722; Ann Charlton,
17(44?) ; Mrs. Eliza Williams, 1829; Hugh Orr, 1/64; John
Yuille, 1/46; Seth Sewell Briggs, 1812; Susand L. \V.
Briggs, 1811 ; Man- M. Dehart, 1839; John \V. Wyatt, 1849;
Margaret F. Clows, 1853; Ann Snow, 1855: John L. Tilford,
1862; Mary L. McCann, 1846:" Rev. Scervant Jones, 1854;
Mrs. Ann Tinison Jones, 1849; Millicent Jones, 1751: Mrs.
Anne Frank, 1759; Robert Major Garrett, 1885, and Susan
C. Winder, his wife, 1854; Henry Winder Garrett, 1879;
Robert Winder Garrett, 1838; Comfort Anna Garrett, 1854;
S. C Garrett, 1878; Thomas O. Cogbill 1858; Mrs. Virginia
Abbott, 1830; James Cabaniss, 1837; Robt Rae, 1753; His
Excellency Edward Nott, 1706; Mrs. Mary Purdie, 1772;
Mrs. Sarah Griffin, 1846; Lady Christina Stuart, 1807; James
Nicolson, 1773; Judge Xathl. Beverly Tucker, 1851; Mrs.
Lucy Ann Tucker, 1867; Reuben Smith, 1843; Margaret W.
Durfey, 1865; Altazera E. Durfey, 1835; Thomas G. Durfey,
1847; Mr Orlando Jones, 1681; Bowcock, the Con-
federate dead (see Memorial page.)

The tomb-stones give no indication as to the number of
persons buried in the church-yard. Many of the old stones
have been broken, and the fragments scattered. Over the
larger portion of the church-yard the graves are unmarked
by either monument or mound. In the spring fresh flowers
grow over them, and in the winter they lie covered with leaves
of autumn, or beneath an unsullied mantle of snow.

floteslRelatfte to tbe "(Restoration of
Biruton parish Gburcb

HE work of restoring Bruton Parish Church
was begun by writing the history of
the Parish which was undertaken with
the view of preserving the ancient records, and
ascertaining facts relative to the colonial form
and appearance of the church. These facts
having been ascertained, the work of securing
sufficient funds to justify us in beginning
the work was undertaken. Much encourage-
ment was received at the outset by the gen-
erous contributions made by Mrs. Eva. S.
Cochran, of New York, and Mr Joseph
Bryan and Mrs. Stewart, and daughters, of
Richmond, Va. Through the courtesy of Mr. J. Stewart
Barney, Architect, New York City, plans and specifications
for the restoration of the church were gratuitously fur-
nished.

At a meeting of the Vestry, held the 8th of April, 1905,
it was decided that the work of restoration should begin on
Monday, May 15, 1905. On Sunday, May 14, the restoration
was inaugurated by a sermon preached by the Rev. B. D.
Tucker, D. D., Rector of St. Paul's Church, Norfolk, Vir-
ginia, on 'The Continuity of the Life of the Church."

On May I5th, the furniture was removed from the
building and carefully stored, the chancel furniture being
placed in the Parish House, and the rest of the furniture and
heart flooring being subsequently stored in a temporary build-
ing erected in the churchyard, and the cushions in one of the
basement rooms of the Eastern State Hospital.

The organ was taken down by the Hutchings-Votey

84 Restoration Notes

Organ Company, of Boston, and the parts which were thought
to be of any value, shipped to the Organ Company.

On the 1 8th day of May, a contract was made with
Messrs. G. B. Keeler & Son, of Petersburg, Virginia, to re-
move the partition wall, the gallery in the east end of the
church, the floor, the old plastering, etc., for the sum of $316,
which included the cost of building a large room in the
churchyard for storing the pews, where they were placed and
kept until as many as necessary were placed in the present
gallery of the church, and in the Parish House, the remainder
having been given to Christ's Church, Amelia Court House,
Virginia.

On Monday, May the 22nd, this work was begun. While
removing the floor at the west end of the church, two cannon
balls were discovered, a large number of unused army car-
tridges, and the Sunday School book of 1832, containing the
roll of teachers and scholars. Upon the removal of the plas-
ter, the blocking was found, indicating the size and elevation
of the colonial pews, the location of the sounding board over
the old pulpit at the southeast corner, and also the blocking at
the opposite corner, which had doubtless been used in some
way to give support to the. canopy over the colonial governor's
pew; and also the blocking indicating the location of the
galleries 117 the transepts and nave of the church.

Two pieces of flag stone were found cemented where
they had been placed in the original aisle of the church, en-
abling us to determine its original width and elevation. In
* ] ie east wall of the church, near the southeast corner, indica-
tions were found of a door or window, which had subse-
quently been bricked up. and at the point now marked by the
boundary stone in the chancel, the foundations of the east
wall of the church as built in 1710, were discovered, an
addition at the east end having been made in 1751.

On June 27th, plans and specifications were received,
and on the 4th of July, the contract for the structural work
was awarded to Messrs. G. B Keeler & Son, Petersburg, Va.,

Diagram showing where the partition wall was built in 1MO, removed in 1985.

Restoration Notes 87

at $6,225, to which was added $617 for the slate walks in the
churchyard.

On September 29th, contract for the tile roof was
awarded to the Ludowici Roofing Tile Company, of New
York City, for $1.820, which Company commenced to put the
tile on the roof over the old tin on April 5, 1906.

The American Seatihg Company commenced putting
furniture in the church on May 14, 1906, in fulfilment of the
contract made with them for the sum of $5,950, a large
number of orders for special furniture having been subse-
quently added. This work was sufficiently completed by
May 27, 1906, for the Confirmation Service held by Bishop
Randolph. In the afternoon the sermon was preached by
Rev. Samuel H. Bishop, of New York City

On Sunday, June 10, at five o'clock, Bishop Edwin S.
Lines, of New Jersey, preached in the church. On September
23, 1906, the church carpet and hassocks were received, hav-
ing been presented by Mrs. William Pollock, of New York,
who also gave the cushions for the pews.

On November 14, 1906, the Hutchings-Votey Organ
Company, of Boston, commenced to install the new organ,
in fulfilfnent of their contract in the sum of $3,350, not in-
cluding the organ fronts. The work was completed on
December 6th, and the organ used for the first time at the ser-
vice held under the auspices of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew,
on December 9, 1906, the sermon having been preached by
the Rev. John J. Lloyd, D. D., of Lynchburg, Virginia.

On December 19, the work of putting in the chandeliers
and gas fixtures (furnished by J. B. McCoy & Son, of New
York City, for the sum of $412.50) was begun, and on De-
cember 20, at 7:30 P. M., the Three Hundredth Anniversary
of the sailing of the colony from England, which landed at
Jamestown on May 13, 1607, was observed by appropriate
service, and an address was delivered by Rev. C. Braxton
Bryan, D. D., Historiographer of the Diocese of Southern
Virginia. At this service, the choir appeared in vestments
for the first time.

Just after the removal of the partition wall, May 5, 1905

Among: the Ancient Tombs Restoring- Foundations, July and August, 1905

Restoration Notes 89

The contract for the mitral tablets and bronze pew plates
was awarded to the Gorham Manufacturing Company, of
New York. The cost of this work has been about
$1,500.

The work of restoration was not superficial in its char-
acter. It began at the foundations of the church, which were
examined at every point around the building, and reenforced
wherever necessary, a cement and tile drain being placed en-
tirely around the building beneath the surface of the ground
to protect them in the future. While excavating on the north
side of the church for the window in the crypt, near the
northeast corner, the foundations of the church of 1674
were discovered. The roof and ceiling timbers were thorough-
ly examined and largely reenforced. The causes
for the cracks which had appeared in the tower and church
walls were discovered and remedied, and where necessary,
the walls were securely bound together by iron braces let
into the brick work. The furnace room was largely increased
in size for the accommodation of an additional heating plant,
and a fireproof crypt was provided beneath the chancel of the
church, containing a fireproof safe for the preservation of the
old records and other memorials of the past.

The aisles and chancel floor of the church were repaved
in marble, the original stones having been removed from the
church at the time of the innovations of 1840.

While excavating in the building, twenty-eight ancient
graves were found in the aisles and chancel, all of which were
carefully examined, and many of which were identified by
means of brass head tacks which had been nailed in the wood
of the coffin, indicating the name, and date of burial. Among
these were the graves of two Colonial Governors and one Sec-
retary of State.

Over all of these identified graves marble slabs, suitably
inscribed, were placed. These inscriptions are given else-
where in this history, and also a diagram showing the
, location of all the graves identified.

In the west gallery, many coats of paint were sand-

90 RcstorationJFotcs

papered from the original rail, revealing hundreds of names
and dates carved there by the students of other days. ,

The tower woodwork was reenforced, and the c terior
covered with panel work as it appears at present, which was put
on over the modern tin with which the steeple had been cov-
ered prior to the restoration work. The ancient clock in the
steeple was restored through a contribution made by the
" Colonial Dames of America, in Virginia, 1 ' Many of the
pews in the church were restored by patriotic societies and
by descendants of the persons whom the pews memoralize.

The total cost of the work of preservation and restora-
tion has been about $27,000. Of this amount, about $14,000
was contributed in Virginia, of which nearly $6,000 was
given in Williamsburg. All the bills for work done ha been
carefully audited, paid, and receipted, and placed on file in the
crypt of the church.

While acknowledging with cordial gratitude the kindness
of all who have aided in the work of restoration, we feel that
special mention should be made of the kind co-operation of
those, without whom the work could not have been nccom-
plished.

We would make grateful recognition of the uniq'U dis-
tinction and honor conferred upon the Parish, by the gift of
a memorial lecturn presented by His Excellency, Theodore
Roosevelt, President of the United States, and a Memorial
Bible presented by His Majesty, King Edward VII, com-
memorative of the Three Hundredth Anniversary oi , the
establishment of English civilization and the English Church
in America, and of the kind interest and intervention of His
Grace, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Bishop of
Washington, through whom these gifts were suggested.

Much of the success of the restoration is due to the sympa-
thetic and intelligent interest of the architect, Mr. J. Stewart
Barney, of New York City, who gave his service to the
church; and to the carefol supervision of Mr. Charles A.
Hoag.

We would record with grateful appreciation, the kind

Restoration Notes 91

co-operation of the members of the Advisory Committee, all
of \vLom gave careful consideration to the work of inspecting
the j. ans, and advising with the Rector and Vestry through-
out the entire progress of the work.

Through the kindness of Rev. \V. R. Huntington, D. D.,
Rect T of Grace Church, New York City, the work was
prominently brought to the attention of the general public.

We would make special acknowledgment of the valuable
service rendered by Mr. J. Frederic Kernochan, of Xew
York City, without whose kind interest and cordial co-opera-
tion the funds for the work could not have been secured in
time to have had the restoration completed by 1907, and
also for the co-operation of Mr R. Fulton Cutting of New
Yor City, and of the services rendered by Mr. Robert L.
Harrison, custodian for the funds contributed in New York.

Grateful record is made of the generous contribution of
Miss Marie Marshall to the restoration fund, and of the kind
and generous interest of Mrs. William Pollock of New York,
and of the memorial gift made by Mr. and Mrs P. H. Mayo,
of Richmond, Ya.

The organ was largely secured through the generous in-
tertssft of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, Mrs. H. H Houston,
of Philadelphia, and Mr. Andrew Carnegie, to whose gifts
were added generous contributions from persons in Williams-
burg.

The pulpit and clerk's desk were secured through the
loving interest of Mrs. Byam K. Stevens, of New York City.

J We would also make mention of the kind participation
in the work on the part of the Association for the Preserva-
tion of Virginia Antiquities, the Colonial Capitol branch hav-
ing- } contributed the alms basin memorial to Rev. Robert
Hunt, and secured, through Miss Lottie C. Garrett, the funds
for the restoration of the colonial Governor's pew ; the Wash-
ington, D. C, branch having secured the contributions for
four memorial pews.

The Society of Colonial Wars in the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania restored the pew in memory of Thomas Jeffer-

92 Restoration Notes

son, which was endowed by the General Society of Colonial
Wars, and the Society of Colonial Dames in Virginia con-
tributed the funds for the restoration of the clock in memory
of the House of Burgesses. The pew memorial to Richard
Bland has been restored by the Virginia Chapter of the
Daughters of the American Revolution, and the Governor's
Chair, Memorial to Lord Botetourt, was given by the
Colonial Dames of America, in Missouri We would also
record our appreciation of generous contributions made to
the Endowment Fund by Mrs. Mary Corling Dunlop, of
Petersburg, Va., and Mrs- Van Ness, of Lexington, Mass.

The names of all who have contributed will be recorded
in the Book of Memorial to be kept in the crypt of the Church.

To those who have contributed special memorials, and to
those who have kindly acted as sponsors for special pews,
especially to Mrs. W. Hartwell Macon, who secured funds for
so many memorials, and to all who have, through sympathy,
advice, and contributions, aided in the work, the congrega-
tion, Vestry, and Rector of Bruton Parish Church would ex-
tend most grateful and cordial thanks.

Bronze Lectern, Presented by His Excellency, Theodore Roosevelt, President of the

United States.
(Photographed from the plaster cast of Mr J Stewart Barney, Architect)

tercentenary flUemorials

se tlLecturn

Presented by

Bis excellency, Theodore Roosevelt
president of the United States.
"Co the Glory of God
and Commemorative of

"Che "Cbree Bundrcdtb Hnmversary of the first permanent

establishment of Gnglisb Civilization in Hmerica at

Ofamestowv Virginia, May 1 s t 1 607*

flDcmorial Btble

presented by
Bis ]ajesty, King Bdward YEL

Co the lory of God
and Commemorative of

Cbe Cbree Bundredtb Himiversary of the planting of

tbeSnglisb Church in Hmerica at ^Tamesto-wn,

Virginia^ on JMay 1 3* 1607*

Description of the King's Bible

The following items from the London Times of June 1st
and 3rd, 1907, have been received from His Grace, the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury.

JUNE 1, The Archbishop of Canterbury was received in
audience to-day, and submitted to His Majesty the Bible
-which the King is presenting to the Episcopal Church in
America for use in the Parish Church of Bruton, Virginia, in
connexion with the 300th anniversary of the establishment
of the Colony in Jamestown, Virginia.

96 Memorial Bible

Miss Paget, of Farnham, under whose direction the
Bible has been specially bound, had the honour of being
presented to His Majesty.

JUNE 3, In connexion with the celebration now taking
place in Virginia to commemorate the tercentenary of the
landing of the English colonists at Jamestown in 1607, the
King has presented to Bruton Parish Church a large Bible
for use in the services of the church. It is understood that
the lecturn on which the Bible will rest is being presented by
the President of the United States. The Bible which was on
Friday last submitted to the King by the Archbishop of
Canterbury, as was briefly announced in the "Court Cir-
cular" published in The Times of Saturday, is bound in red
Niger leather with a decorative treatment of interlaced lines
tooled in gold The doublures and fly leaves are of undyed
levant morocco, and the clasps are of gold. The dominant
design on the front cover is a cross, accompanied or sur-
rounded by the conventional symbols of the Christian faith
and the four Evangelists. On the front and back doublures
are the Arms of His Majesty and of the United States, respec-
tively. On the back cover are the arms of Virginia. The
following inscription tooled in gold on an inlaid red Niger
panel appears on the front fly leaf:

This Bible is presented by his Majesty King Edward the Seventh, King
of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, to the Church of
Bruton, Virginia, a sbrine rich in venerable traditions of -worship, in sol-
emn memories of patriots and statesmen, and in historic witness to the
oneness of our peoples. The King will ever hope and pray that the ties
of kinship and of language and the common heritage of ordered worship
and of ennobling ideals may, through the saving faith in Oar Lord and
Redeemer Jesus Christ revealed in these sacred pages, continue to unite
Great Britain and America in a beneficent fellowship for setting forward
peace and good will among men. MCMYIL

The preparation of the Bible was entrusted to Miss
Paget, of Farnham, who bound the service books used by
their Majesties on the occasion of their Coronation. The
binding of the Bible was carried out under Miss Paget's
direction by Messrs. Sangorski and Sutcliffe, of South-
amptonrow, Holborn.

1!

p s
*

I

3

2L

s.

1

FRONT COVER AND BACK,

Tooled in gold with symbolical devices representing the four Evangelists; The Holy Spirit;
The Trinity; and the Alpha and Omega. The I H S and the small circles are inlaid in green,
and the Alpha, Omega and the Tnnity in black,

THE BACK COVER AND CLASPS.
Tooled in gold with small circles inlaid in green and with thearms of Virginia stamped in

gold in the centre.

FRONT DOUBLURE

Tooled In blind and gold with small circles inlaid in red and green and with His
Majesty's Arms stamped in gold on an inlaid red niger panel in the centre.

BACK DOUBLURE
Tooled in blind and gold with small circles inlaid in red and green and with the

FRONT FLY LEAF
Inscription tooled m gold on an mlaid red niger panel.

<S>tber flOemortals in JSrutoit
parish (Tfoutcb

flDarMe OOemorialB

TOMB STONES

(a) In the Tower

(b) In the Aisles

(c) In the Chancel

MARBLE MURAL TABLETS

(a) In the Choir

(b) In the Chancel

OQemorials

BRONZE MURAL TABLETS

(a) In the Tower

(b) In the Nave

(c) In the Transepts

(d) In the Choir

BRONZE PEW PLATE MEMORIALS

(a) In the

(b) In the Transepts

(c) In the Choir

BRONZE ENDOWMENT TABLETS

Special flQemorials

flHatble flfcemoriate
tombstones in tbe

3obn page

(Arms: Ar., a. fesse dancette between three martlets;
azure, a bordiire of the last. Crest : A demi-horse forcene
(rearing)*

i Bere Uetb in hope of a 3foyfuU Resurrection

the Body of Colonel ?obn page of

Bmton parish esquire one of their

Majesties Council in tbe Dominion

(of) Virginia who Departed this

(life t)be 2,3 of (7a)nu*ry in tbe year

(of our) Lord 691/2 Hged 65

* Bere Lyes Interred tbe Body of
Mrs* Elizabeth tXmson mf e
of ]Mv* 7obn TCmson who Departed
tbis Life Hugust tbe ^6tb* 1735
in tbe ^^d igcar of her Hge*

Hnna flDaria Simeon

3 Bere Lyes Interred tbe Body of
Hnna Maria 'Ctmson Daughter
of ?obn and Gli^abetb Cimson
who was born December tbe i/tb day
1732 and Departed tbis Life July tbe 23
1734

TKHtlliam Simeon

Hlso the Body of OKUiam Citnson
son of ?obn and 6lizabetb who
-was born October tbe 21 at day 1734
and Departed tbis life July tbe
1736*

( i ) Remored from the Church Yard.

(2) Remored from the Waller farm oa York River in 1906.

(3) Removed from the Waller farm on York River in 1906.

Jttarbk Memorials 105

tombstones in tbe Elsies of
tbe Cburcb

Beneath this marble was found a vaulted grave marked

P* 6*

8L 6l

Adjoining this, another vaulted grave was found, south
of which was located another, both of which were un-
marked.

This marble was placed here at the time of the Restora-
tion of the Church in 1905.

1ftenr$ Hacfeer

fiere lyetb the body
of M* fienry Backer -who

Departed tbie life tbe

gtb day of Hugust 1741

In tbe 54tb year of Me age

fl&rs. prentis

Under this marble was found a grave marked

JVIre* prentis
Obt. 94

Mary Prentis, daughter of John and Ann Brooke, of
York County, and Wife of William Prentis, of Williamsburg,
Virginia, died in 1794.

Bv this grave were found two other graves, both of
which were unmarked.

This marble was placed here at the time of the Restora-
tion of the Church in 1905.

106 Marble Memorials

2>r. William Cocfce

Beneath this marble was found a grave marked

L C

This grave corresponds in location and date with the
inscription on the mural tablet in memory of

DR. WILLIAM COCKE,

of the Council and Secretary of State for this Colony in the
Reign of Queen Anne and of King George.

South of this grave, another was found which, being
below and partly under it, was doubtless in the Church of
1683.

This Marble was placed here at thetimd of the Restora-
tion of the Church in 1905.

Governor jfrancis Jfauquier

Near this marble lies

HON. FRANCIS FAUQUIER, ESQ.

Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the
Colony, over which he presided near ten years, much to his
own honor, and the ease and satisfaction of the inhabitants.
He was a gentleman of the most amiable disposition, gener-
ous, just and mild, and possessed, in an eminent degree, of
all the social virtues.

He was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and died in his
65th year," the 3rd day of March, 1768

Marble Memorials 107

** If ever virtue lost a friend sincere,

If ever sorrow claim'd Virginia's tear,

If ever death a noble conquest made,

'Twas when Fauquier the debt of nature paid."

This marble was placed here at the time of the Restora-
tion of the Church in 1905.

The inscription is taken from the obituary notice in the
Virginia Gazette, which also states that he was buried in
the North aisle of Bruton Parish Church.

(governor fifcmunb Jeninas

Near this marble a grave was found marked

e. %

?u 17*7

The Hon. Edmund Jenings, Esq., son of Sir Edmund Jen-
ings of Ripon in Yorkshire, England, was born in 1659 and
died in 1727. He was A ttorney General, Secretary of State
President of the Council, and Acting-Governor (1706-1710)
of the Colony of Virginia.

For many years he was a Vestryman of Bruton Parish
and was serving the Church in this capacity when this
building was erected. In 1710 he was instrumental in per-
suading the House of Burgesses *' to appropriate a Sufficient
sum of Money for building pews for the Governor,
Council >and House of Burgesses" in the two wings and
intervening part of the Church, this entire portion- of the
Church being subsequently built and paid for by the House
of Burgesses, under the supervision of Governor Alexander
Spotswood.

This marble was placed here at the time of the Restora-
tion of the Church in 1905.

108 Marble Memorials

tombstones in the Chancel

rlanfco Jones (l)

fiere lice in hope of a Blessed Resurrection
the Body of Mn Orlando Ofenes, Son of Mr*
Rowland Ofoncs sometime Minister of
this parish be was born December ye sist 1681
and died June y* i^tb 1719 in ye aStb year of his
Hge* be -was twice married bis first Wife was
Mrs* Martha Macon Daughter of Mr* Gideon
Macon of JNfew Kent by whom be left one
Son named Lane & one Daughter named
frances* fits Second Wife was Mrs* Mary
QJilliams daughter of James Williams

of King & Queen who erected this
Monument to his Memory.

Sfoe Blair Cbtl&rcn

Beneath this Marble lie deposited the

' Bodies of two sweet infants*

lames and Hnne Blair, Children of

lobn Blair Bsq* and Mary bis wife

who to the great grief of their parents

and friends departed this life,

lames on May the z^d 1740

aged 10 year 3 months & 3 days,

Htmc on octob* the 7* b 1741,

aged 3 year wanting 3 weehs

God prepare us all to follow*

Here also rests the body of
HRCBIBHLD BLHIR another
son of the said 3OBN A MHR^
BLHIR who died 8ep* i$tb 1744
Hged 9 months & 18 days; Garly
Gone to happiness Blessed be God

(1} The tomb and remains of Mrs. Orlando Jones (Martha Macon) were removed
from New Kent County, and placed during the restoration by the grave o f her husband.
The inscription is too iUegibleto be transcribed.

Marble Memorials 109

fIDrs. Christian flDonro

Rerc Lie Deposited

Che Remains of JM* 3 * Christian Mouro
Relict of the Re\4, ]Vfo lobn Monro
Late Minister of St. John's Parish

in the County of King OKIHani. ,
She Departed this Life the 23d of Septembe*
1725, in the 6oth year of her Hge*

Rere Hlso Rests

Che Body of Mary Blair Grand Daughter
of y Said John & Christian Monro

by their only Surviving Child

Mary y* Wife of lohn Blair 6sq^

She Departed)* ist of HpriL 1730 in the

Second year of her Hge*

Hlso

Sarah Hnotber Daughter of the
Said lohn & Mary Blair tvbo Died f ebn
"Che i9th 1735* Hged 3 months & 12
Days.

Beneath this marble a grave was found marked

R. P*

1730

>C 32

The marble that marks this grave was placed here at
the time of the Restoration of the Church in 1905.

3Bounfcar$ Stone

EAST.

The East side of this marble, which is 21 feet from the
present East wall of the Church, marks the inside line of
the foundation of the Church from its completion in 1715
until the Chancel was extended to its present length, by
Order of the Vestry en the 15th day of March, 1750-1.

110 Marble Memorials

tombstones in tbe TRecess Cbancel

Revb, IRoIanbus Jones

Bic jacet Rolandus Jotics
clmcue filius Rolandi loms
clerici JNatus Swimbrooh juxta
Bwford in Comii Oxoii Collcgii

]Mcrton Qniversitate Oxoii

Hlurrmue parocbtac Bniton Virginia

Pastor primus & delectisstmus

f uncuone pastorali atmis 14

fldeliter d parocbiae quam

maximo de Obiit Hp ^a

die JE tatis suae 48 Himo D 1688

IRev. Mtlliam H. Milmer, B. S).

Beneath this marble a vaulted grave was found on
which was marked in cement the date

, XXV, MDCCCXXVL.

Cbe Rev. OKlliam ft OKbner, 0* D.,
Rector of Bniton parish Church,
president of tbe College of OKUiam and Mary, and
president of tbe Rouse of Clerical and Lay
Deputies of tbe Protestant episcopal Church,
Died July tbe 24tb, 1 8*7,

"We know that we have passed from death unto life
because we love the brethren" * * * u and he that dwelleth
in love dwelleth in God, and God in him."

This marble was placed here when the Chancel was re-
stored to the East, at the time of the restoration of the
Church in 1905.

Marble Memorials 111

flQural tablets Unsibe tbe Gburcb

(Hn tbc Cbotr)
ftbe parfce tablet

JNfeare this marble lyes

ye Rouble Daniel parhe

of ye County of 6ssex 6sq, who

was one of bis Majesties' Counselors

and sometime Secretary of tbe

Collony of Virgia. Be dyed ye 6tb of

March Hnno 1679*
Bis other f elecityes ware cwwned by
bis happy marridg -with Rebbecba
tbe daughter of George Gvelyn
of tbe County of Surry 6sq* She dyed
tbe zd of January Hnno 1671 at Long
Ditton in ye County of Surrv and
left behind her
a most hopefull
progeny

Cocfte flUural ^tablet

MDCCLU
Inscribed to tbe memory of

Dr. OKlliam Cocke,
Hn 6nglisb physician^ Born of reputable Parents

MDCLXXH

at Sudbury in Suffolk

and educated at Queen's College, Cambridge,

Be was learned and polite,
of tndfepiited Skill in bis profession,

112 Marble Memorials

of unbounded Generosity in bis practice:
which multitudes yet alive, can testify*

Be was," many years, of the Council

and Secretary of State, for this Colony

in the Reign of Queen Hime & of King George

Be died Suddenly, sitting a ludge upon the Bench

of the General Court in the Capitol :

MDCCXX

Bis Bon: friend Hlex a Spotswood, 6sq v then
with the principal Gentlemen of the Country,

attended bis funeral

and, weeping, saw the Corps Interred

at the West side of the Hltar,

in this Church*

flDural tablet

In Memoriam*

Benry T^yler, 8r* & Benry Cyler, Jr.
Vestrymen and ^Hardens of Bruton

Church & parish.

jfohn tyler & 6lizabcth Low, parents of

Joanna 'Cyler-JMcKenzie A ^Jobn Cyler

the Marshall of the Colony of Va*:

& Hnne Contesse parents of

7obn Cyler,

Patriot, GoVr, 3fudge of the Hdmiralty,
Supreme & CL 8* Courts of Ta^

& Mary Hrmistead,
of Buch-Rowe, parents of

3(obn Cyler,
Student, Visitor; Rector and Chancellor

of Olm. and Mary College :
GovV, Member of Congress, Senator,
Vice president and president of the United
States, Member of Confederate Congress :

Marble Memorials 113

& Letitia Christian, parents of
Robert Cyler, poet, philosopher, States-
man, Gentleman, Samuel Cyler, H* B*, LL* D*
Chancellor of the State of Tsu,

Grandson of the Marshall

Chts tablet is erected by some

of their Descendants

June 1888, ELD.

$be Udilmer flfcural Gabiet

In
Memory

of

the RevU HUtam B* SKlmer, D* D,
whose eminent talents and exemplary piety
enabled htm to fill with dignity
the important stations of

Rector of this Church
president of OliUtam and Mary College

president of the Bouse of Clerical
and Lav Deputies of the Protestant

6piscopal Church*
Be was beloved in private
Respected and honored in public Life
H Sound Divine
H faithful pastor,
H sincere and practical Christian
Bom in Cbester-

March 9tb, 1784
Died 3uly ^4tb, 1827.

Monument is erected by the Congregation
and Christians of other denominations,
in testimony of their profound respect,
and ardent affection,
for the deceased

114 Marble Memorials

Confeberate SoIMers memorial flftural tablet
Hn tbe transepts

of

the

Confederate

Soldiers,

who fell in tbc

Battle of OKHiameburg,

May tbe 5th, 1862*

Hnd of those who died of

tbe wounds received tn

tbe same.
Cbeydiedforus*

Coleman flllural

In Memory of
Charles Olasbtngton Colemati, ]M D

Son of

T3ttmas Colenun and frames
Catherine Bill, Bis Oltfe,

Born 1 8 ^fuly 1826

Died 15 September 1894

Be -was for many years a vestry-

man and senior warden of Bruton

Church, and long our beloved

physician*

Cbis tablet is emted by
bis grateful friends*

Brortse Memorials

flDural tablets

anb
pew plates

miural tablets in tbe

Clock

in the tower of the church was

originally in the Virginia House

of Burgesses. After a silence of

many years, it was restored in 19O5

by the Society of Colonial Dames

of America in Virginia.

in the tower is engraved : " The Gift of

James Tarpley to Bruton Parish, 1761."

In 1766 it celebrated the repeal of the

Stamp Act.

On May the 15th 1776, it celebrated the

passing of a resolution by the House of

Burgesses to establish a State Constitution

and Declaration of Rights, and to instruct

the Virginia Delegates in Congress to

offer a resolution to declare the United

Colonies free and independent states.

In 1783 it celebrated the ratification of

the Treaty of Peace between the United

States and Great Britian

n tbe <5allers

Lord Dumnorc*s Gallery

This gallery was occupied by

Lord Dunmore

Who removed from his accustomed seat among
the Burgesses just prior to the outbreak

Bronze Memorials 117

of the American Revolution.

The gallery was originally assigned to the

Students of the College of

William and Mary.

EngraTed Brass Tablet 7 x 14 in

flfourai tablets in tbe Iftave

Cablet
o tbe Glory of God
and in memory of tbe colonial wardens of Bniton parish

Names recorded :

Capt. Philip Chesley and William Aylett 1674
Hon. Philip Ludwell and Baldwin Matthews 1694

William Pinkethman 1704

Henry Tyler, Hon. Edmund Jenings 1710

William Timson and Armistead Burwell 1751

Hon. George Wythe 1760
John Pierce and William Eaton 1768.

Cast Bronce Tablet 15 1 12 in.

This pew has been Endowed in memory

of Hon. Samuel Matthews
Captain General and Governor of Virginia

1622-1660

by the New York Chapter of the Daughters of
Founders and Patriots of America (I)

< 2 > "Co tbe 6lory of God and in memory of

tbe presidents of tbe College of

OKltiam and IMary

Rev. James Blair, D. D., 1693-1743; Rev. William
Dawson, D D., 1743-1752 ; Rev. William Stith, D. D., 1752-
1755: Rev. Thomas Dawson, D. D., 1755-1761; Rev.

(1) Mrs. Flora Adams Darling, Sponsor. , ^ _, _ o.*^

(2) Thi* memorial -was contributed by Mr. Charle* Cti Harriton, Prorott of the
Unlrcrsity of Fexmsjlraaia,

118 Bronze Memorials

William Yates, 1761-1764; Rev. James Horrocks, D. D.,
1764-1771; Rev. John Camm, D.D., 1771-1777; Rt. Rev.
James Madison, D. D., 1777-18 12: Rev. John Bracken, D.D ,
1812-1814; John Augustine Smith, M. D., 1814-1826; Rev.
William H. Wilmer, D. D., 1826-1827; Rev. Adam Empie,
D. D,, 1827-1836; Thomas R. Dew, LL. D., 18361846;
Robert Saunders, 1847; Col. Ben jamin S. Ewell, LL. D., 1848
and 1854-1888 ; Rt. Rev. John Johns, D. D., 1849-1854.

Cast Bronze Tablet 15 x 12 in.

To the Glory of God
and to the memory of

Maj, Joseph Crosbaw, JM R B.

Donor in 1658 of the land on which
Marston Parish Church was built

and of
Rev* 6dward fblltott

Minister of Marston Parish

which in 1674 united with Middletown Parish

to form Bruton Parish

and of
Ralph Graves and ]Maj* lobn power

vestrymen of Bruton Parish prior to 1769

This tablet is erected by their descendants

through John Munford Gregory I

and Letitia Power Graves his wife

& This memorial was contributed and the pew endowed
by descendants.

Cart Bronze Tablet 15 x 12 in.
(i) MIM Lettic G. Warbnrton, Spon*or.

Bronze Memorials 119

Co the Glory of 6od and in memory of the Vestry

of 1 674-1 68s who erected the first brich church

upon this foundation

The Honorable CoL Daniel Parke

Mr. Rowland Jones, Minister

John Page, James Besouth

Major Otho Thorpe, Robert Cobb, James Bray

Capt. Philip Chesley and William Aylett

Church Wardens

George Poyndexter, George Martin

Samuel Timson, Hon. Thomas Ballard

Capt. Francis Page, Treasurer, Alexander

Bonyman, Clerk, and John Owens, Sidesman

Attorney of the vestry, Major Robert Beverley

Cast Bronze Tablet, 15 x 12 in.

*Co the Glory of God and tn memory of

the vestry of 1710-1715 who erected the

present Cburcb building

Henry Tyler John Holloway

Richard Kendall Richard Bland

Frederick Jones Hugh Norvell

William Timson Edmund Jenings

David Bray Ambrose Cobbs

Christo Jackson, Clerk

Minister, Rev. Commissary James Blair, D.D.
Co-operating committee of the

House of Burgesses

Mr. John Hollo way, Mr. Robt. Boiling
and Mr. Nicholas Meriwether,

Cast Bronze Tablet size, 15 x 12 In.

Bronze Memorials 1 21

"Co the 6tory of God and in memory of
the Httorneys General of Colonial Yirgima

Worshippers in this church

Benjamin Harrison 1702-1704
Stephens Thomson 1704-1714
John Clayton 1714-1736
Edward Barradall 1737-1743
William Bowden 1743-1748
Peyton Randolph 3 748-1766
John Randolph 1766-1776

Cast Bronze Tablet 15 x la in.

flUural tablets in tbe {Transepts

"Co *Cbe lory of 6od
and in Memory of tbe Members of tbe Rouse of Burgesses

who, while representing the people of Virginia, worshipped
in this part of Bruton Parish Church built by order of the
House in 1713, and provided with pews for the Governor,
His Council, and the Members of the

House of Burgesses.

With grateful devotion, Virginia here recalls the mem-
ory of the life and service of that noble band of Patriots
who consecrated themselves to the defense and preservation
of the inalienable rights and charter liberties of the English
colony in Virginia. The offspring of the Church, and the
heirs of her teaching, these statesmen and warriors came
here to find clearer vision and nobler courage, and to in-
voke upon their cause the blessing of their God and the God
of their fathers.

As the Church at Jamestown ministered to the men
who first established English civilization in America, so
Bruton ministered to those who, through the State Consti-
tution, and the Declaration of Rights, and the Declaration
of Independence, by Congress, helped to establish upon a

122

Bronze Memorials

firm and lasting foundation the government of the Federal
Republic.

In order that the high ideals of these Virginia partriots
may be recalled as a perennial inspiration to men, this part
of Bruton Parish Church, hallowed by their Memory, has
been structurally preserved and restored through a gift for
this purpose.

Presented by Mr. and Mrs. Peter H. Mayo, of "Powha-
tan Seat," near Richmond, Virginia.

In memory of their Hncestors

John Mayo of "Powhatan Seat" Nathaniel, Lewis and
Peter Poythress, Carter Burwell, John

Page, Robert Carter and
Philip Ludwell

Richard Bland

Mayo
Coat of
Arms

Members of the Council and of the House of Burgesses

and
Lawrence Taliaferro, Col. of the CulpeperMinute Men.

"Che pulpit and Clerk's Desh were restored to the Glory cf

0od and in memory of the Reverend Commissary Barnes

Blair, D+D*, and the other clergv of Bruton parish

Church during the Colonial period of its fiistory.

Reverend Rowland Jones, Merton Col. Oxon 1674-1688.
Reverend Samuel Eburne 1688-1697.
Reverend Cope Doyley, B. A. Oxon 1697-1702.
Reverend Solomon Wheatley M.A. Oxon 1702-1710
Reverend James Blair A.M. Edin D. D. 1710-1743
Reverend Thomas Dawson D.D Col. W. and M. Va 1743-

1759

Reverend William Yates 1759-1764
Reverend James Horrocks 1764-1771

Bronze Memorials 123

Reverend John Camm B.A. Trin. Col Cam. M A. D.D. 1771-

1773
Reverend John Bracken D.D. 1773-1818

and in memory of later rectors of

Bruton Parish Church
Reverend Reuel Keith D.D. 1821-1824; Reverend William

H. Wilmer D.D. 1826-1827; Reverend Adam Empie

D.D. 1828-1836
Reverend William Hodges D.D. 1837-1848; Reverend Henry

M Denison 1848-1852; Reverend George T. Wilmer

D.D. 1856-1859 and 1872-1876; Reverend Thomas M.

Ambler 1860-1872

The gift of Mrs. Byam Kerby Stevens, of New York City,
in memory of her mother Eliza Langdon Wilks

Cast Bronze Tablet, 22x18 inches

To the 6lorj> of Cod

and in memory of
the Speakers of the Bouse of Burgesses

Worshippers in this church
Peter Beverley 1700-1705, 1710-1714
Benjamin Harrison 1705
Daniel McCarty 1715-18
John Halloway 1720-1734
Sir John Randolph 1736
John Robinson 1738-1765
Peyton Randolph 1766-1775

Cast Bronze Tablet, 15x12 inches

"Co the Glory of God
and in Memory of Members of the Committee

who, in 1777, drafted the

"Hct establishing Religious freedom"

In Virginia*

THOMAS JEFFERSON, Vestryman of St. Anne's Parish.
EDMUND PENDLETON, Vestryman of Drysdale Parish,
GEORGE WYTHE, Vestryman of Bruton Parish.

124 Bronze Memorials

GEORGE MASON, Vestryman of Truro Parish.
THOMAS LUBWBIJ, LEE, Vestryman of Overwharton Parish.
Being all the members of the Committee.

"Co the Glory of 6od

and Commemoratix* of

Cbe first Representative Legislature Hssembly

held in America, which met in this county, in the Church at
Jamestown, on July 30, 1619. "Where Sir George Yeardley
the Governor being sett downe in his accustomed place in
the Quire, those of the Counsel pf Estate sate nexte him on
both handes. But forasmuch as men's affaires doe little
prosper where God's service is neglected, all the Burgesses
tooke their places in the Quire till a prayer was said by Mr.
Bucke. the Minister, that it would please God to guide and
sanctifie all our proceedings to His own glory and the good
of this plantation."

and in Memory of

Captain OGUiam pcwell

Burgess from James City Co.

This endowment Tablet is erected by one of his descen-
dants, in the year of our Lord, Nineteen Hundred and Seven

flfturai tablets in tbe Cboit

Co tbe Glory of God

and in memory of

tbe Gownors of Colonial Virginia

who occupied this pew,

Col Francis Nicholson Lieutenant Governor 1698-1704
Edward Nott Lieutenant Governor 1705-1706

Edmund Jenings President of the Council 1706-1710

Col. Alexander Spotswood Lieutenant Governor 1710-1722
Hugh Drysdale Lieutenant Governor 1722-1726

Robert Carter President of the Council 1726-1727

William Gooch Lieutenant Governor 1727-1749

Rev James Blair D.D. President of the Council 1740

Bronze Memorials 125

John Robinson President of the Council 1749

Thomas Lee President of the Council 1749-1750

Lewis Burwell President of the Council 1750-1751

Robert Dinwiddie Lieutenant Governor 1751-1758

John Blair President of the Council 1758 and 1768

Francis Pauquier Lieutenant Governor 1758-1768

Norborne Berkeley, Baron De Botetourt Governor in Chief

1768-1770

William Nelson President of the Council 1770-1771

John Murray, Earl of Dunmore Governor in Chief 1771-1775

Cast Bronze X&blet, iSx22 xnshes

This pew has been restored through the Colonial Capitol
Branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia
Antiquities.

and endowed in memory of

Colonel Hleranfcer Spotswoofc

by his descendants, Mrs. Mary Corling Dunlop and her,
children, Mary Mercer Dunlop, Sally Harrison Dunlop
Margeret Agnes Dunlop, and Charlotte Lemoine Dunlop.

Tablet on inside of pew door

Mayo Memorial (I)

This pew has been endowed in memory of

William Mayo II, John Mayo, his son, William Mayo III,

son of John, and their descendants Robert A. Mayo, son

of William III, born in 1799, a member of the legislature

of Virginia, and others of" Powhatan Seat," Henrico

County, Virginia

William Mayo II, son of Joseph, son of William Mayo, born

in 1620, of Poulshot, England, was appointed chief

surveyor by Virginia and the crown, to run with

Colonel William Byrd and others, the dividing line

between Virginia and North Carolina, in 1728,

and also to survey and adjust the lines in
controversy between the crown and Lord Fairfax.

(i) Contritmted t>j Mr. P. H. Mayo, Richmond/Va.

1 26 Bronze JVUmortals

He laid out the cities of Richmond and Petersburg in

1737 for Colonel William Byrd.

John Mayo was a member of the House of

Burgesses in 1769-1772, and of the convention in 1775

and 1776. William Mayo III was sometime warden

of St. John's Church, Richmond, Virginia.

In the IDestrs IRoom

Restoration Cablet

THE RESTORATION

of the interior of Bruton Parish Church to its colonial form
and appearance was inaugurated by a service held on May
14th, 1905, with a sermon on the Continuity of the Life of
the Church, by Rev. Beverley Dandridge Tucker, D.D. The
work was completed in time to celebrate in the church on
Dec the 20th, 1906, the Three Hundredth Anniversary of
the departure of the colony from London which reached
Jamestown, Virginia, on May 13th, 1607

RESTORATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Rt. Rev. A. M. Randolph, D.D , LL.D , D. C. L., Bishop
of Southern Virginia, Rev. William R. Huntington, D.D.,
New York City, Rev. Randolph H. McKira, D.D , Washing-
ton, D. C., Rev. B. D. Tucker, D D., Norfolk, Va., Rev. J. J.
Gravatt, Richmond, Va., Mr. J. Frederic Kernochan, New
York City, Mr. R. Fulton Cutting, New York City, Mr.
Joseph Bryan, Richmond, Va.

CUSTODIANS OF FUNDS

Mr. Robert L. Harrison, New York City, Dr. S. Weir
Mitchell, Philadelphia, Penn., Mr. Thomas Nelson Page,
LL.D., Washington, D. C., Hon. Robert Treat Paine, Bos-
ton, Mass.

RECTOR
Rev. William A. R. Goodwin, A. M.

Bronze Memorials 127

PARISH VESTRY

Dr. Van. R Garrett, Senior Warden, H. Denison Cole,
Jtmion Warden and Registrar, Dr. L. S. Foster, Treasurer,
Capt L. W. Lane. John L. Mercer, Leonard Henley, Dr. P.
T. Southall, W Hartwell Macon, Hugh S. Bird, Z. G". Durfey,
Dr. John Blair Spencer.

ARCHITECT

contributing his service to the Restoration,
Mr. J. Stewart Barney, New York City.

13 6x.

Memorial pews in the Have

PEW No 2 l
Owens, Sidesman, 1674.

PEW No. 3

OltUtam parka,

Vestryman; First Editor and Printer of the Virginia
Gazette, 1736. 2

PEW No 4.

PEW No. 5 A

'Cbomas Scale,

Member of the Council,' 1662; Vestryman, 1684

CoL 'Cbomae Ballard,

Member of the Council, 1670; Vestryman

<r 'Cbornas pettud. Vestryman, 1698.

PEW No. 5 A.

^ MtcbacI Hrcben Vestryman, 1721.
- Jxmea Hrcbcr t Vestryman.

PEW No. 5 B.

dtlUam fiansf ord, Vestry man, 1704.
Benry Cai% Vestryman, 1721.

i All the pew plates in the nave are Cast Bronze, aize, 5% x 3 in- ^ _.,._,_

a Contributed by some American Newspaper Editon, Mr. W. C. Johnson: Editor of

the Virginia Gazette. Sponsor. *

3 Coatribnted as a memorial to Governor Samuel Matthews, 1656. Mrs. Flora Adams

Darling, Sponsor.

130 Memorial Pews

PEW No 6 A.

lames SOhaley, Vestryman prior to 1701
Thomas Olbaley, Vestryman prior to 1769

Robertson, Vestryman, 1705
Thomas 6verard, Vestryman, 1769
--Thorny Thorp, Vestryman prior to 1698

PEW No. 6 B.
John Bollcro>ay, 1710

PEW No. 7.

lames Bray, Vestryman, 1674.

David Bray, Vestryman, 1684

Thomas Bray David Bray, Jr^ Vestrymen

PEW No. 8.
Thomas Ludwell, Vestryman, 1685

PEW No. 9
7obn prentis, Vestryman, 1769

Oiaiiam prentfe, Vestryman
Joseph Pmitts, Vestryman, 1775 w

PEW No. 10
edward Barradall, Vestryman, 1737

(i) Contributed by a descendant, Jtidg* Robert R, Prenti*.

Memorial pews 131

PEW No- 11 <'>
be president of the College of OKUiam and Mary*

PEW No. 12

Joseph Cvosbaw, Vestryman of Marston Parish, 1658 (2)

This pew is dedicated to Judge John Munford Gregory,
Governor of Virginia, 1842, and his sister, Letitia Gregory
Ware.

PEW No. 13

Samuel Ctmson, Vestryman, 1674
OKlltam *Cbn90fn, Vestryman, 1710
OKUiam Cimeon, Jr* Vestryman, 1726
Samuel Onwon, >*, Vestryman, 1740 <s>

PEW No. 14
Gideon ]Macon, Vestryman^ 1678 w

PEW No. 15
Lewis BuvtPellt Vestryman, 1725

Nathaniel BurwelU Vestryman
Hrmtstead BunvelU Vestryman prior to 1769 <s>

(i) Contributed by Mr Charles Cnsti* HariiEon, Provost of the UniYenity of Pcnn-
8y ?!Tcontribirted by descendants. Miw Lettie G. Warbwton, Sponsor.

51 7i__ilii J.-J vi ^ u ^.Ja+. T^jk H/Hae VToi-tr riarr**t- SnOTlSOr.

132 Memorial Pews

PEW No. 16

Ralph Gra\>ee, Vestryman prior to 1769
OHUiam 6raws^ Vestryman, 1769 <'>

PEW Xo. 17
St, George Ciicher, 1775 < 2 >

PEW No. 18
Philip Ludwell, Vestryman, 1684 (3)

PEW No. 19
* Daniel Parhc, Vestryman, 1674

PEW No. 20.
6dnnmd Jeningd, Vestryman, 1694 w

endowd to the Memory of
Rev* John Cameron, O. D^ (Col. of Wm. and M).

Graduate of King's College, Aberdeen, Scotland.

Admitted to Holy Orders 1768 by the Bishop of Chester,
England.

Settled in Virginia, 1770.

Rector successively of St. James', Bristol (Blandford),
and Cumberland Parishes.

1 nSKWS S 7 ? toceadaxit, Mrs. E. T. Lamb.
U) Contributed by descendant!. Mrs. C. B. T Col<
r\ S^SJ"*^ by * defendant, Master Phifip Lnd

Memorial Pews 133

Rector of the Diocesan School in Lunenburg County.

Elected by Church Convention as Supervising Clergy-
man or Visitor (Before Bishop Madison's Consecration).

Selected by the Church as Chairman of its Committee
to cope with Mr. Thomas Jefferson against his act for the
despoliation of the Church, with the final result that the
Court of Appeals being equally divided, the statute stood,
without being declared constitutional.

He died in Lunenburg County, 1815.

This pew has been restored and endowed by his great-
grandchildren, Mrs. Annie Cameron Collins, and Bennehan

Cameron.

PEW No. 21.
fiugh Norvell, Vestryman, 1725

Gecvge fforvdl, Vestryman
OKUiam NorveH, Vestryman, 1775 <

PEW No. 23
Benjamin Kblter, Vestryman, 1744 < 2

PEW No. 23

7ohn Gratis, Vestryman. 1721
Daniel Pat-he Cwstis, Vestryman
Mm Martha Custfe <3>

PEW No. 24.
6dmund Randolph <*>

(il Contributed by a descendant; Mr. J Stewart Barney, Architect of the Restoration,

(a) Contributed by a descendant, Mrs. Ralph Cross Johnson.

5) Contributed by descendants/Mrs Marjaret Cnstis Hansford, Sponsor.

(!) Contributed by descendants, Mr. R. Lancaster Wffliams, Sponsor.

134. Memorial Pews

PEW No 25

Sir 3obn "Ranfcolpb

Vestryman, 1727 <"
PEW No. 26

3obn flOarsball w

PEW No. 27

3ames flDonroe (3)

PEW No. 28

3obn Wer

1837 w
PEW No. 29

(Beorge Masbington

(Duplicate Tablet in Nave) <s)
PEW No. 30

(DupHcate Tablet in Nave) < 6 >

(r) Contributed tjy- descendants. Mr. R. Lancaster William*, Sponior.

i

DeMendaata rf the Whigto P fiuB fl T . Mfa. N^,!. Bird

<6) Contritated by theSgdety of Colonial '-Wan in tie Commonirnlfh ofPennsjl-
Tanla, and endowed by the General Society of Colonial Ware. ^=nnsji

Memorial pews 135

flUemorial pews in tbe transepts

PEW No. 29

(Beorge Washington (2>

PEW No. 30

ftbomas Jefferson (3)

PEW No. 31

William (Tabell, Joseph (Cabell <4)

PEW No. 32

Hrcfoibalo Cans, S)abne$ Carr (5)

PEW No. 33

7 Paul Carrf ngton (6)

PEW No. 34

Robert (tarter micbolas

Vestryman, 1754 &>

(2) Contribtrted P by^descendanta oi the Washington Family. Miss Nannie Bird

W S C^ntiibnted'oytheSodetyof ColoniolWars in the Commonwealth of Pennsyl-
vania, and endowed by toe General Society of Colonial Wars.

(i5 Contributed by Descendants, Hon. Geo C. Cabell, Sponsor.

(?) Contributed by Descendants. Mrs W H. Macon, Sponsor.

(I) Contriboted by Descendants. Mr. J. C Carrington,Spons<,r.
(7) Contribnted by Descendants. Mrs. F. R. Johnson, Sponsor.

136 Memorial pews

PEW No. 35

Peyton *Ranbolpb

Vestryman, 1747 (1)

PEW No 36

Digges, Hnbrew !Hewis

PEW No. 37

Patrick Henrs <a)

PEW No. 38

penbleton (3>

PEW No. 39

tTbomas iRelson (4)

PEW No. 40

George flRason (5)

PEW No. 41

Benjamin Harrison, Carter Braiton (6)

PEW No. 42

(i) Contributed by Descendants Mr. R. Laacaster Williams, Sponsor.

(a) Contributed through the Public School children of Virginia. Miss Nannie Davia
Sponsor. '

(3) Contributed by Descendants. Mrs. Sarah Pendleton Van Rensselaer. Sponsor.

(4> Contributed by Descend ants. Miss Mary W. Garrett, Sponsor F"wr.

(5 ) Contributed by Descendants. Mrs. Sarah Pendleton Van Rensselaer, Sponsor

< 6) Contributed by Descendants. Mrs. W. H. Macon, Sponsor. sponsor,

(7) Contributed by the Virginia Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution
in part by Descendants. Sponsor, Miss Mildred Nelson Page. Mramion,

337

PEW Xo. 43

(Beorge Mtfbe

Vestryman, 1769
PEW No. 44 A

Hubitors General

Wm. Byrd, 1687-1704; Dudley Digges, 1705-1 710; Philip
Ludwell, 1711-1736; Peter Beverley, 1716; John Grymes
1718; Nathaniel Harrison, 1724-1728; John Blair, 1732-1771.

PEW No. 44 B

Secretaries of State

Christopher Robinson, Ralph Wormley, 1693-1701;
Edmttnd Jenings, 1702-1712 and 1720-1722; William Cocke,
1712-1720; John Carter, 1722-1743; Thomas Nelson, 1743-
1776. <>

PEW No. 44 C

Receivers (general

Wm. Byrd (1), 1687-1704; Wm Byrd (2), 1705-1716;
James Roscoe, 1716-1723; John Grymes, 1723-1748; Philip
Grymes, 1749-1754; Richard Corbin, 1754-1776.

PEW No. 45

Ricbarb 1Henr\> Xee, jfrancis OLifibtfoot Uee (2)
n tbe Clerfe's Besft

Hlexander Bonymati

(Parish) Clerk. 1683.

(1) Tablet given by General Charles Robinson of England, in memory of Christopher
Robinson.

(2) Contributed by Descendants. Mrs. Virginia Miller, Sponsor.

138 Memorial

flDemorial jpews in the Cboir

PEW No. 44 ">

His fijcellencs
tbe (governor
memorial to Governor HIeranber Spotswoob (2)

For Restoration and Endowment inscription see pages 134, 125

0o\wnot*8 Cbafr

Memorial to

Xorborne Berkeley Baron DeBotetourt
Governor in Chief, 1768-1770

Presented by the Society of Colonial Dames of America in
the State of Missouri.

minister's TReafcing Desfc

Revmtid Rowland lones, Minister, 1674-1688.

Reverend Commissary lames Blair, D* D^ 1656^1743,

Minister, 1710-1743. <*>

PEW No. 46

DK Hrcbibald Blatr t Vestryman, 1721.
lobn Blair, (1), Vestryman, 1744.
r t (2), Vestryman.

PEW No. 46 B.

., CoL Cletmnt Read^ M. H. B., 1748-1768.
, CoL Isaac Read, M. H B., 1769-1775 w

(0 All the pe-w plates in the Choir are cast bronze, size 2% x 7 in.

(2) Contributed through the Colonial Capitol Branch of the Association for the
Preservation oi "Virginia Antiquities. Miss Lottie M. Garrett, Sponsor.

(3) Contributed with the pulpit by Mrs. Byam K Stevens, of New York. .
14) Contributed by descendants. Miss Edmonia Slaughter, Sponsor.

139

PEW No. 46 A

John Cofee

The Emigrant, 172-4, and his descendants. ' x)

PEW No. 47

be Surve\>or'0 General

to whom this pew was assigned.

PEW No. 47 A
Miles Cary, Surveyor General, 1692-1708 <>

PEW No. 47 B
OKlKam Mayo, Chief Surveyor

Appointed by Virginia and the Crown in 1728 to ran
the dividing line between Virginia and North Carolina.

PEW No. 47 C
OKUiam Bucfener

Deputy Surveyor General, 1708-1716.

PEW No. 47 D
peter Bcwley

Deputy Surveyor General, 1716-1728

PEW No. 48

<EoL 3obn ipaae

Vestryman, 1674 <*>

Gbe raan

peter pelbatti, Organist, 1755 <s>

f i^ Contribtrted by a descendant, Mr. John Archer Coke. _.,_,,-

(3 Contailwted by descendants, Mr. W. MUes Gary and Mr. Archibald Gary
fV) Contributed by a descendant, Mr. P.H. Mayo.

!!Sffl^a3

the Chesapeake & Ohio

Special flfeemoriais
in Bruton parisb Cburcb

Robert Runt Memorial Hltns Basin

To the Glory of God

and in memory of

Reverend Robert Hunt

Chaplain of the Colony which established

the English Church and English Civilization at

Jamestown in 1607. Presented by

The Colonial Capitol Branch

of the
Association for the Preservation of

Virginia Antiquities.
(Around the rim) It is more blessed to give than to receive

and Mre Robert S* Bright

Memorial Endowment
Contributed by their Children

Credence Cable

To the Glory of God

and in

Loving Memory of
Susan Henley

and

John Randolph Coupland

"Their children arise up and

call them blessed."

Special Memorials

Cross

To the Glory of God

and in Loving Memory of

John Millington, July 10^ 1868

and
Sarah Ann, his wife, Dec. 23, 1869.

Cbe Clerk's Desk prayer Booh

To the Glory of God

and in loving memory of

Robert Major Garrett, M D.

Warden of Bruton Parish Church

and Vestryman from 1848 to the

date of his death in 1885.
Presented by his Children, 1907.

Memorial prayer Booh and Bymtial

To the Glory of God
and in loving memory of
^ J. A. Glenn Singleton

Student at the College of William and Mary

who entered into life eternal May 19, 1906.

Presented by Bruton Parish Church Chapter

of the Junior Brotherhood of St. Andrew

of which he was a devoted member

Boly Cable Lecturn

To the glory of God

and in memory of

James Dunlop Moncure, M. D.

Senior Warden of Bruton Parish Church

who entered into life eternal Nov. 10, 1897.

Stiver Offertory plate

Dedicated to the Glory of God
and to the memory of Henley T. Jones, Jr. and Mary South-

all, his wife.
Presented by their daughter in 1906

142 Special Memorials

prayer Desk (1)

Memorial to Frances Catharine, (1796-1867)

daughter of
Baylor andMaiy (Brooke) Hill, of Norfolk, Virginia,

and wife of

Thomas Coleman of Braton Parish
This memorial is placed by her descendants of three
generations, in memory of her many virtues and years of
faithful service in this Church.

flowr Yases for fioly Table

Presented by Mr. and Mrs. H. N. Philips
in memoty of their children.

Hltar Service Booh

In memory of Edloe Morecock
presented by his children.

Prayer Desk < 2)

To the Glory of God

and in Memory of the Bishops of Virginia
Rt Rev. James Madison, D. D., 1790-1812.
Rt. Rev. Richard Channing Moore, D D., 1914-1841.
Rt Rev. William Meade, D. D., 1841-1862.
Rt. Rev. John Johns, 1842-1876.
Rt. Rev. Francis M. Whittle, D. D. LL. D. 1868-1902.

Prayer Desk

(3)

To the Glory of God

and in Memory of Mr. Wordworth Thompson

Painter of the picture of Bruton Parish Church, in the

Metropolitan Museum of Art.

(i) Presented through Mrs. Helen 3>igh. from 4 *The Talent Society
(a) Presented through Mn. Helen LSghVfrom "ThTTaXsnt Sodet?"
(3) Presented bj Mrs. Wordworth Thompson. ^^^ =ooety.

Special Memorials 143

Booh Marks

Memorial to Miss Virginia Morecock
Presented by her mother and sisters.

"Cwo Hlms Basin

Inscribed "To Bruton Parish, \Villiarasburg, Va.

From an Alumnus of William and Mary College,

of the Class of 1815-1816."

edmund pcndleton

As this work goes to press Miss Sarah Pendleton and
Mr. Edmund Pendleton of Laurel, Md., have given order for
having the remains of the Hon. Edmund Pendleton removed
from near Bowling Green, Caroline Co., Va., to be interred
beneath the north aisle of Bruton Parish Church.

Edmund Pendleton was born in 1721, and died in 1803.
He was the author of the resolutions offered here in the Vir-
ginia House of Burgesses, May 15, 1776, which were
unanimously adopted, calling upon Congress to declare the
colonies free and independent States. He was President of
the Convention in 1775, was subsequently President of the
Virginia Court of Appeals, was twice elected to Congress,
and in 1788 was chosen President of the Convention of
Virginia which met to consider the adoption of the Federal
Constitution.

He was for many years a vestryman of Drysdale Parish,
and, although one of the most loyal and devoted Churchmen
in America, was a member of the Committee which in 1777
drafted the law for establishing "Religious Freedom in
Virginia."

Xocation ant> Description of (Braves fount) in

Bruton parisb Gburcb, Wbiie Excavating

in June ant> 3uty, 1905, ant) of tbe

tombstones in tbe Cburcb

1. Located in the southwest corner of the tower; removed

from the Waller farm on York River. (See inscrip-
tion, p. 104.)

2. Located to the east of No. i ; removed from the Waller

farm on York River. (See inscription, p. 104 )

3. Located to the east of No. 2 ; removed from the Waller

farm on York River. (See inscription, p 104.)

4. Located to the east of No. 3 in the southeast corner of

the tower. Removed from the churchyard. Inscribed
Col. John Page. (See inscription, p. 104.)

5. Located from the west wall II ft. i in.; from the north

wall 10 ft, 3 in. Bricked up grave containing remains
of one person. In brass head tacks in coffin wood
were the letters P. G. Age 61.

6. Located from the west wall 1 1 ft. 1 1 in. ; from the south

wall i r ft. 8 in. Bricked up grave containing remains
of one person, unknown.

7. Located from the west wall 13 ft. 8 in. ; from south wall

10 ft. i in. Unknown.

8. Located from west wall 32 ft. 2 in. ; from north wall 10

ft. 4 in. Marble slab in aisle, inscribed Mr. Henry
Hacker. (See inscription, p. 105.)

9. Located in the north aisle of the church. Grave of Gov-

ernor Francis Fauquier, located by inscription in the
Virginia Gazette. (See inscription, p 106.)

10. Located from east wall 40 ft; from the north wall of
transept 26 ft. 10 in. Remains of three persons
Name in brass head tacks, Mrs. Prentis, Obt. 94.

ir. Located from east wall 40 ft.; from the south wall of
transept 26 ft. 10 in. Remains of a very large man,
unknown.

Graves excavated 145

12. Located to the east of Xo. u. Unknown. This grave

being under the grave of Dr. William Cocke, and being
evidently of very much older date, was doubtless in
the church of 1674.

13. Located from the east wall 30 ft. 2 in. : in the aisle.

Marked in brass head tacks, E. J. 17:27. The grave
of Governor Edmund Jenings. (See inscription.)

14. Located south of Xo. 13. Marked with brass head tacks

\V. C. 1720. Grave of Dr. William Cocke, Secretary
of State. (See inscription, p. 106. )

15. Located from the east wall 22 ft. 9 in.; from the south

wall 10 ft. 7 in. Unknown.

1 6. Located from the east wall 12 ft. n in.; from the north

wall 3 ft. 8 in Size of stone, 38 in. x 77 in. Tomb-
stone of Mrs. Christian Monro and children, found
while excavating. (See inscription, p. 109.)

17. Located from the east wall 13 ft. I in.; from the north

wall 7 ft. 4 in. Size of stone 26 in. x 59 in. Infant
children of James and Ann Blair. This stone was
found while excavating in the church. ( See inscrip-
tion, p 102.)

1 8. Located from the east wall 13 ft. n in.; from the north

wall 13 ft. 2 in. The tombstone of Orlando Jones,
son of Rev. Roland Jones. (See p. 108.)

These three stones were doubtless placed over these
graves while the graves were in the churchyard, and
became incorporated in the church when the chancel
was extended by order of the Vestry in 1750.

19. Located south of Xo. 18. Tombstones of Mrs. Orlando

Jones, removed with the remains from Xew Kent
County, and placed in Bruton Church at the time of
the restoration of 1905.

20. Located from the east wall n ft. ; from the north wall 13

ft. 5 in. Unknown. This grave is doubtless very old.

21. Located from the east wall n ft; from the south wall

12 ft. Remains of unknown child.

22. Located from the east wall 13 ft 11 in.; from the south

14G raves Sxcavatcd

-wall 8ft. Marked with brass tacks R. P. JB. 37-1730.

23. Located from the east wall 13 ft. n in.; from the south

wall 4 ft. 6 in. Unknown.

24. Located from the east wall 9 ft. ; from the south wall 4

ft. 8 in. Remains of two unknown persons.

25. Located from the east wall 4 ft. 8 in.; from the north

wall i ft. Unknown.

26. Located from the east wall 33 in. ; from the north wall

5 ft. 2 in. Unknown,

27. Located from the east wall 3 ft. ; from the north wall 7

ft. 2 in. Unknown.

28. Located from the east wall 3 ft. ; on the north side of tiw

chancel. The tombstone of Rev. Roland Jones, re-
moved from the churchyard and placed in the chancel
at the north side of the Holy Table. Remains not
removed. (See inscription, p. 110.)

29. Located from the east wall 18 in.; from the north wall

II ft. Unknown.

30. Adjoining No. 29, and to the south. Unknown.

31. Located from the east wall 16 in.; from the south wall

8 ft. 6 in. Vaulted grave marked in cement July
XXV. MDCCCXXVII. The grave of Rev. William
H. Wilmer, D. D. (See inscription, p. 110.)

32. Located from the east wall 2 ft. 6 in.; from the south

wall 6 ft. 5 in. Unknown.

33. Located from the east wall 2 ft. 3 in.; from the south

wall 4 ft Unknown.

The remains found in the graves located in the aisles of
the church did not have to be removed. Those found beneath
the chancel were interred beneath the floor of the crypt of
the church.

In examining the graves found in Bruton Parish Church,
the wood of the coffin was found, in most instances, to have
turned to dust. Where the brass tacks had been driven into
the wood, generally with a strip of leather between the head
of the tack and the wood, the tack head and the leather had
held the fibre of the wood together and prevented disintegra-

Graves excavated 14-7

tion. In many instances, these tacks, with the leath'er strip
beneath, had been nailed entirely around the outer edge of
the coffin, in addition to forming the initials and dates, which
were always found between the head and the center of the
coffin.

The work of identification had to be done with extreme
care, as nothing could be learned from the initials and dates
unless found in the exact position in which they had been
originally placed. Between the letters and figures, there
being nothing to hold the fibre of the wood together, it had
generally split in two, as was often the case between the tacks
forming the letters and figures. The Parish Register, dating
back to 1662, being still preserved, we were able, by com-
paring the initials and dates with the death record of the past,
to identify the graves. Over these graves, marble slabs have
been placed in the chancel and aisles of the church, containing
the exact record given by the tacks and their interpretation
from the Parish Register and other sources, where such
information could be found.

This work was done by the Rector of the Church,
assisted by Mr. T. N. Lawrence, of the Senior class of Wil-
liam and Mary College, who was employed by the Vestry to
assist in this work of excavation.

The measurements given above were taken by Lieuten-
ant Gait, of the United States Navy, who also prepared the
diagrams showing the location of the graves.

+3

fit

a

3

Q

T3

2
1

3

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o

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Ul

tt

Continuity of the Me of the
Cburcb

Sermon preached by Rev* B* D* Cucfecr, D* D*/ at Bniton
Church, May 14, 1905, inaugurating the worfe of restoration*

" We are the servants of the God of Heaven and earth, and build the
House that was builded these many years ago, and since that time even
until now, hath it been in building, and yet it is not finished. 79 Ezra vi:
verses 11-16.

I NE of the characteristic marks of the times
in which we live is a growing reverence for
the past, an increased interest in the beginning
of things, an acknowledgment of the depend-
ence of the present upon the past, and a recog-
nition of the link that binds one generation to
another.

In all departments of thought, in the study
of science, in the great field of history, in the
investigation of social institutions there is
this emphasizing of the principle of continuity.
It was not so in the first half of the last
century. There was a tendency, which found
its most marked expression during the period
of the French Revolution, to uproot everything which men
held sacred, to break with the past It was a generation which
asserted its independence of all that had gone before, which
discarded institutions that had Been years in erecting, and
which aspired to start the work afresh.

The sober second thought of mankind soon re-asserted
itself, and men in our day have begun to estimate at its real
value all that has gone before. We realize that there must be
progress, advancement, re-adaptations to changes and condi-
tions, but in order that progress should be real, there must
be candid recognition of the work which has been already
done and which is an essential part of the whole. This con-
tinuity of all things, this linking of what is with what has

* Since elected and consecrated Bishop Coadjutor of the Diocese of Southern Virginia

150 Cbe Continuity of the Church

been, has become now one of the truisms of thought which it
is detrimental to ignore.

A very good illustration of this principle is found in the
record before us in the answer of the Jews, who had returned
from their exile in Babylon, and were rebuilding the temple
of God at Jerusalem. To the enemies who sought to impede
their work they made their reply in the words I have brought
before you.

Their work, they said, was no new work. They were
building on the old foundations, carrying on the work which
was begun centuries before. * 4 We are the servants of the
most high God, and build the house which was builded these
many years ago, which the great King of Israel builded and
set up, and since that time it has been building; and yet it is
not finished."

It was the two-fold thought of the glory of the past and
the possibility of the future that beckoned them to their task.
The undertaking in itself was disheartening. It drew tears
from the eyes of the elders as they remembered the glory of
the former temple, but they took heart of grace as they real-
ized the power of God, and remembered that they were build-
ing the house which had been building many years, and which
was not finished.

As we look at the Christianity of to day, its develop-
ment, its widespread influence; as we see the verification of
the Master's parable of the mustard seed, we can only ex-
plain it by remembering that each century has brought its
contribution, that the house which we are now building,
the Church of Christ of to-day, is the same house which the
apostles and martyrs of the first centuries builded. There
have been re-adaptation and accommodations, but tinder
God it is the same Church of which Christ said to St. Peter,
"The gates of hell shall not prevail against it."

The recognition of the principle of continuity, of the
linking of what is, with that which has gone before, is espe-
cially characteristic of the branch of the Catholic Church to
which we belong. It stands on the ancient foundations. It

Che Continuity of the Church 151

has never broken with the past. It has ever been mindful of
the days that are gone. It was because our forefathers real-
ized in the great days of the Reformation that they were not
to tear down, but to build, because they did not disdain what
the past had contributed of real worth, because they realized
that they were building not a ne\v house, but the same that
their fathers had builded many years ago, that the English
Church came out of the throes of the Reformation purified
and unfettered, adapted to be the home of men whom the
truth had made free, but the same Church which had been
planted in the apostolic centuries in the land of Britain. It
gave to the people the open Bible and a worship purged from
superstitious accretions, but it preserved for them all that was
sacred and venerable in the past. The old Catholic order,
the ministry received from the Apostle, the round of feasts
and fasts ; these she retained, testing all things by the Word
of God, sifting the good from the evil, casting away that
which was corrupt, but holding on to that which was pure,
counting it all the more precious, because it was the heritage
of the ages.

It is essentially true of the Liturgy of our Church. It
was not made in a day, but, like the stately cathedrals of
Europe, it is the growth of ages, and the work of many gen-
erations. They come, these many prayers and songs, from
many sources and many times. The music which David
learned as he watched his father's sheep, the strains of the
Magnificat in which the Virgin Mother of our Lord gave
thanks for the Incarnation, the songs of welcome to the new-
born Saviour of Zacharias, the Nunc Dimittis of the aged Sim-
eon, the prayer that comes to us from the golden mouth of
Chrysostom, the lofty Te Denm of Ambrose, the stately rythm
of the words of the Martyr Cramner, and collects and prayers
which unknown worshippers contributed, the Litany voicing
the many wants of body and soul, the last prayer for the
spread of the Gospel added in our day : these are some of the
sources from which we draw the forms in which we worship
God. The Prayer Book is not the book of our generation,

152 -Che Continuity of the Church

but of many generations. Is it any the less sacred ? Does it
not indeed add dignity and a worth, when we feel that the
devotions which we have used to-day are hallowed by the use
of many generations? Xay, in our worship we realize that
there is a true communion of the saints, a link that binds those
on earth with those who have gone before. As we erect our
House of Prayer and Praise, we are but building the house
which has been building these many days, and which is not
finished. Our children and our children's children shall con-
tinue the \\ ork ; the generation that now is shall be linked by
the bonds of Common Prayer and Common Praise to the gen-
erations that are to come.

But again, this principle of continuity finds its expression
in this venerable sanctuary in which you are privileged to wor-
ship. It stands not by itself. It has an ancestry which should
make it all the more sacred and precious to those who love its
walls.

When the forefathers of some of us, who are gathered
here this evening, builded these walls, they were undertaking
no new work. As they prepared a place where God might be
worshipped according to the customs of their fathers, they
realized that the House they were building, had been building
for many years, and was not finished. This Church of 1710,
with its later additions, traces back its lineage to the Church
of 1683, and that to the one built earlier than 1674, and
through the later Church at Jamestown, back to that first
shrine on the banks of the river, in which good Parson Hunt
first used the prayers and praises we have used to-day, back
to the quiet village churches or the cathedrals of old England,
back to the shrine of Augustine, or to the old sanctuary of
St. Martin, outside the walls of Canterbury, where the British
worshipped Christ before the coming of the Roman monk-
hack to the rock-bound lona, cradle of our Anglo Saxon
Christianity, back to the churches of Gaul to the catecombs
of Rome, back to that first sanctuary of Europe by the river
bank of Philippi. back to Antioch, where the disciples were
first called Christians, back to the upper room at Jerusalem,

"Che Continuity of the Church 1 53

where the disciples knelt to receive the outpouring of the Holy
Ghost, and where they had seen the risen Christ, and heard
His " Peace be with you." As we remember this, we feel that
we are doing- no isolated work, when we seek to restore to
something of its ancient beauty and former dignity this old
fane, but that we are building the house which our fathers
builded these many years ago, and which is not finished.

As we go forth to this new task, we do not break with
the old traditions, but we make them all the more sure. It is
your church, but not yours alone. It is the church of those
who have gone before, many of whom sleep in the quiet
graves around us. Of the men vho. while here as representa-
tives in the Virginia House of Burgesses, helped to lay the
foundations of our Anglo-Saxon civilization in this republic,
who were the pioneers of the great nation. They had their
faults, but they had also their strong virtues. They were real
men of God, and they showed their devotion to the Christ
when they built a church strong to stand the wear and tear
of time, and beautiful as an expression of their thought that
the House of God should be the fairest and stateliest in the
community. It is your Church, but it is also the Church of
'the men who took the foremost part in asserting the principle
of independence, in securing for America the great boon of
civil and religious liberty. Into the making of these great
Virginians of the Revolutionary period, without whom there
would have been no victory and no ordered state, this Church
had a large part. They were what they were because they
had been trained by her services, because they had been
taught from Bible, and Prayer Book and Catechism their duty
to God and to man. It is your Church, but it is also the
Church of the men and women who have gone before you.
You are entering upon their labors, "building the house which
1 they builded, which has been building many years, and which
is not finished."

It is your Church, but it is also the Church of those who
are to come after you; the Church of many generations,

154 Cbc Continuity of the Church

which each must safeguard, and which each must hand down
to the other, stronger, more meet for the Master's service,
more fitted to be a spiritual house for God's children.

I cannot but feel that this duty to which you are called
now is one which God has given you. Changes are sometimes
trying, but the changes which you propose to make do not
tend to break with the past, but to bind )*ou more closely to
it. It is not simply a work of historical interest, this work of
restoration : it is rather one prompted by the desire to be true
to a trust, to hand down to the generation that is to succeed,
the Church of their fathers, as their fathers knew it, with its
architecture ttnmarred, with the simple beauty and dignity
which its builders sought to express in their work.

When the work is done, it will not mean that all is done,
but it will simply mean that you are better prepared to con-
tinue your work on the spiritual building, on the upraising of
a spiritual temple to God. Into the Church restored you will
bring all the traditions of the long historic past. Nay, what
are dearer still, all the sacred memories and associations of
your own life. You will still find as you kneel at the Table of
the Lord, the thoughts of those whom you have loved long
since and lost awhile, and still have the consciousness of fel-
lowship with them.

May God bless die undertaking to the furtherance of
His glory, to the upbuilding of His Church, to the spiritual
welfare of His people. May you feel that even in seeking to
beautify the material temple you are entering upon no new
work, but "are building the house that was builded these many
years ago, and since that time even until now hath been in
building and is not yet finished." May a prayer come from
each heart for God's blessing, that the glory of the latter
house may be greater than that of the former."

O God of our fathers, defend

The place that we love,
Let mercy and blessing descend

Like dew from above.

Che Continuity of the Church 155

Remember the faith which of old.

For love of Thy ways,
Here builded with silver and gold

A house to thy praise.

Remember the works of the just

Tho' ivy entwine
The tombs \vhich now shelter their dust;

Their spirits are thine !

Forget not the love that they bore

The place of Thy name,
Whose courage was strong to restore

And save it from shame !

Forget not the faith that sufficed

In war and distress.
Remember, O God and O Christ,

Their patience, and bless.

Remember, O Ancient of Days,

For sake of the dead,
The worship, the prayer and the praise.

The breakings of bread.
Forget not their pleadings and plaints.

Remember the tears.
The life and the love of Thy saints,

The faith of the years !

And visit, O God, as of yore,

With mercy and grace
The house where we worshipped before

Thy glorious face!
Our prayers and petitions receive,

Our praises accept !

Give faith, O God, to believe

Thv promises kept.

156 Che Continuity of the Church

Onr courage is feeble, and faints,

Our zeal waxes cold.
O God! for the faith of Thy saints,

Thy people of old.
For grace to be trustful and true

Like those in the grave,
To know that by many or few

Thy mercy can save !

The sparrow hath found her a nest,

Thine altars, O God!
O ? make, too, our shelter and rest

The courts we have trod,
Like tendrils of ivy that cling

And cover Thy fane,
O Christ, be the love that we bring

And give once again.

IHunbreb Keats of Cburcb
3Life anb Influence in IDirginia

By Rev* dm* H* tL Good-veto, BL WL*

(Rector Brnton Parish Church, Williamsburg)

" In all times, in all countries," says M. Gnlzot,
" religion has civilized the people among whom it
dwelt." Under the limitations necessarily imposed,
it is impossible to do more than call attention to the
salient points where the Church in Virginia has exert-
ed its influence by contributing forces which have
been fundamental and constructive in upbuilding our
civilization.

TCbe Cburcb in tbe (Beneafe of the
-Republic- 1 607-1700

O statement could be more untrue to the facts
of history than that the Virginia Colony was
an enterprise conceived and executed for mate-
rial and commercial ends alone. It is true
that it was not, like the New England Colony,
the outgrowth of religious contention and
persecution, and the men who composed it did
not have religious grievances to proclaim to
the world. Their religion was normal and
their faith the faith of their forefathers: and
it expressed itself in Virginia, as it had in
England, without ostentation, in a way that
was perfectly normal and natural. The an-
cient royal Charter under which these Virginia
settlers sailed, commended and accepted "their desires for a
furtherance of so noble a work, which may, by the providence

* This chapter -was written for the Diocesan Journal of the Diocese of Sotttlem Virginia

1 60 Che Genesis of the Hmerican Church

of Almighty God, hereafter tend to the glory of His Divine
Majesty in propagating- the Christian religion to such people
as yet live in darkness and miserable ignorance of the true
knowledge and worship of God. and may in time bring infidels
and savages living in those parts to human civility, and to a
settled and quiet government (Hening, Vol. I, Page 57)
and they were instructed "to provide that the true word and
service of God and Christian faith be preached, planted and
used, according to the doctrine, rights and religion now pro-
fessed and established within our realm of England." The
last instructions given to the Colonists by the King's council
were: 4 *Lastly and chiefly the way to prosper and achieve
good success is to make yourselves all of one mind for the
good of your country and your own, and to serve and fear
God, the giver of all goodness. For every plantation which
our Heavenly Father hath not planted shall be rooted out"
(Brown's First Republic). The first services held upon the
Virginia shores at Cape Henry (April, 26th, 1607), and at
Jamestown, were doubtless held in the silence of the primeval
forest and under the canopy of heaven. When the Colonists
reached Jamestown on May I3th, 1607, and began their home
building in the new world, an improvised church was built.
This Church has been described in the chapter on the Church
at Jamestown. Around this primitive church they built their
primitive homes. This tabernacle in the wilderness marked
the beginning of permanent Protestant Christianity in Amer-
ica. Here the Holy Communion service was held on the
Third Sunday after Trinity, 1607, an d it has been suggested
that this Sunday be observed throughout our Church this
year, as a special day of thanksgiving.

American Churchmen can never fully repay the debt of
gratitude which the nation owes to one of the heroes of that
heroic band which settled three centuries ago at Jamestown.
Xo stone and no inscription, as yet, mark the resting place of
Captain Robert Hunt, Chaplain of the Colony of 1607. Se-
lected by \Vingfield and appointed by the Archbishop of Can-
terbury, because he was *'a man in not any waie to be touched

Che 6ene9t8 of the Htnertcan Cbutxb 161

with the rebellious humors of a papist spirit, nor blemished
with ye least suspition of a factious scismatick." Rev. Robert
Hunt mgide himself loved by all "for his exceeding goodness."
"By his godly exhortations ( but chiefly by the true devoted
examples) he quenched the flames of envie and dissention"
which threatened to exterminate the Colony, and administered
to them the Holy Communion, which Smith says, "\ve all re-
ceived as an outward and visible token of reconsiliation." It
is recorded elsewhere that "when the Indians saw us at prayer
they observed us with great silence and respect, especially
those to whom was imparted the meaning of our reverence."

Nowhere in history is there a more tragic story than that
which tells of the struggle of this Virginia Colony to survive.
Ravaged by pestilence, decimated by starvation, almost ex-
terminated by attacks of savages, it is estimated that during
the first nineteen years 6,040 persons died out of a population
of 7,289 (Young, Page 20). In England the Colony was kept
before the people by pamphlets distributed, and by sermons
preached. In these the appeal most strongly made was to
the missionary spirit. Large sums were contributed to send
the Gospel of Christ to Virginia. Before leaving, the Colon-
ists were assembled to receive the blessing and the instruction
of the Mother Church.

The sermon preached on the 25th of April, 1609, and
one preached in February, 1610, to the emigrants to Virginia
have been preserved, and live to rebuke the untruth so widely
disseminated that the Virginia Colony in its incipency was
solely a commercial enterprise. To the title page of the ser-
mon preached in 1610 to the Colony which settled in Henrico,
there was affixed the following antiphon, which should cer-
tainly be chanted at some service held this year at Jamestown :

England to God. "Lord, here am I, send me."

God to J r irginia. "He that walketh in darkness and hath
no light, let him trust in the name of the Lord and stay upon
his God."

Virginia to God. "God be merciful to us and bless us
and cause the light of thy countenance to shine upon us ; let

162 Che Church and 6arly Legislation

thy ways be known upon earth, thy saving health among* all
nations/'

England to Virginia. "Behold I bring you glad tidings,
unto you is born a Saviour, even Christ the Lord."

rirginia. to England. "How beautiful are the feet of
them that bring glad tidings and publish salvation."

These facts have been dwelt upon because it is worth
while that they should be placed in the foreground at this
time as a witness to the truth, as well as an inspiration to
Churchmen.

Already the Colonists had begun to settle in other places
along the shores of the great rivers of Virginia. Dale in
161 1 had established a colony on James River at Henrico. Here
Rev. Alexander Whittaker, a graduate of the University of
Cambridge, served as Chaplain. He was a man of devoted
zeal and godly piety. To him was committed the Christian
instruction of the Princess Pocahontas. In a letter to the
Lord Bishop of London, who was also Bishop of Virginia, Sir
Thomas Dale reported the baptism of this Indian maiden,
who, he said, had subsequently been married, in the church
(at Jamestown) to one John Rolfe, an English gentleman.
Rev. Alexander Whittaker also reports this baptism in a letter
written to a clergyman in England. A letter was written by
John Rolfe to the church in England which contained a mas-
terful argument in behalf of giving to Foreign Missions in
Virginia in which he revoked the cry of Macedon, "Come
over and help us."

Cburdb ant> fiarfy OLeflieiation

A great modern historian has said that "The Christian
Church has proclaimed the great truth which forms the only
foundation of our hope for humanity, namely, that there
exists a law above all human law, which is, in all times and
in all places, the same." The Virginia Colonists recognized
that the law of God was the fundamental basis of human

'Che Church and Garly Legislation 163

legislation, and entered upon their work by looking first to
Him for His guidance and blessing.

On July 30, 1619, the First Representative Legislative
Assembly ever held in America met in the church
at Jamestovm. A more commodious structure had by
this time supplanted the homely church "like a "barne"
and the ancient "Colonial records" state that the
most "convenient place we could finde to sitt was the Quire
of the Churche, where Sir George Yeardley, the governour,
being sett downe in his accustomed place, those of the Coun-
sel of Estate sate nexte him on both handes. But forasmuche
as men's affaires doe little prosper where God's service is
neglected, all the Burgesses tooke their places in the Quire
till a prayer was said by Mr. Bucke, the minister, that it
would please God to guide and sanctifie all our proceedings to
His own glory and the good of this plantation." Thus as the
first homes of the Virginia settlers were built within the trian-
gular fort about the Church, which was placed in the center, so
the first laws passed by the First Legislative Assembly in Vir-
ginia were passed by men assembled in God's Church, and act-
ing in conscious dependence upon His blessing and guidance.
The first laws passed were for the defence and support of the
Christian religion. During this century the records give con-
stant evidence of the co-operation of the Church and the legis-
lature in promoting the cause of religion, and give evidence
of the spread of the Church's influence. It was in those years
that most of our ancient parish lines were established in
eastern Virginia, showing that the Church of England was
following her children out into the wilderness to minister to
them in the name of Christ. The parish vestries were
made the guardians of public morals, the custodians of
dependent orphans, and the overseers of the public poor.
Ministers' salaries were fixed at so many pounds of tobacco,
and people were ordered to attend church and behave
themselves while there or suffer the consequences of being
fined for neglecting to do either. Before 1707 many of
the Parishes substantial brick churches had been erected,

164 Che Church and education

most of which have since fallen into decay. St. Luke's, in
Isle of Wight, and a few others of this century still remain.
At Jamestown the lone ivy-mantled tower marks the site of
the three churches which have stood upon the recently un-
earthed foundations.

be Cburcb anb je&ucatfon

Prior to 1700, the Church in Virginia had accomplished
an end which should be mentioned, because of its far reaching
influence for good. In 1617 a charter was secured from Eng-
land for the establishment of the University of Henrico ; but
the Indian massacre of 1622 brought this project to an un-
timely end, and it was not until 1690 that the project of estab-
lishing a college in the Colony was again revived. This move-
ment, which culminated in the establishment of the College of
William and Mary in 1693, was largely accomplished through
the intervention of the Church. A royal Charter and a royal
subscription was secured by Rev. Commissary James Blair,
D. D., whose object was to establish in Virginia an institu-
tion primarily for the purpose of educating a native ministry,
and also for the purpose of educating and christianizing the
Indian youth, and the sons of the planters of Virginia. The
Archbishop of Canterbury was Chancellor of William and
Mary, and Rev, Commissary James Blair, D. D., its first presi-
dent. For many years its presidents and most of its profes-
sors were learned clergymen of our Church. Bishop Madison
and Bishop Johns both served in this capacity. When one
considers the names of the men upon the roll of the alumni
of this venerable institution, including Jefferson, Monroe,
Marshall, the Randolphs, and many other distinguished Vir-
ginians ; when one remembers what the men who were trained
in this College have given to America, and then remembers
that the College was largely the gift of the Church to the
people of Virginia, there is presented a cause of gratitude to
God which should not be forgotten. Thus it \vould appear
that between 1607 and 1700 the Church had established her-

II

SI

H

o -

166 Church extension

self as the center of influence over the homes of the early
Virginians; sheltered and blessed the First Representative
Legislative Assembly in America; impressed herself through
parish names and parish bounds upon the geography as well
as the social conditions of the state; established a spiritual
foundation for the upbuilding of national integrity and right-
eousness; and founded a College which was conducted for
well-nigh two centuries under the direction of the Church and
under the care of its learned and godly ministers.

perfot> of itension an& Cumulative
Influence 1700^82

A sense of permanence seemed mv to have possessed
the minds of the people. The vision had become wider. The
jthoughts of our forefathers were embodied in their building.
This is seen in the Colonial Churches of the century that re-
main. The removal of the Government from Jamestown to
Williamsburg led to the rebuilding of Bruton Parish Church.
This was done with large thoughts, and with a far reaching
purpose in 1710. Its walls and massive timbers tell of a vision
of usefulness unbounded by a single century. In 1737 old
Blandf ord Church was erected and has recently been restored.
St Paul's Church, Norfolk, embodying to-day the Canon ball
fired from Lord Dunmore's fleet, was erected in 1739, an ^ St.
John's, Hampton, in 1727, Hungars and St. George's, Pun-
goteague, on the Eastern Shore, Trinity Church, Ports-
mouth, and Grace Church, Yorktown, still stand within the
bounds of the Diocese of Southern Virginia as memorials of
the faith and devotion of the Churchmen of this century.
Many of these old churches have been destroyed by fire, or
have succumbed, through neglect to the disintegrating touch
of time. In the Diocese of Virginia, Christ Church, Lancas-
ter, 1732, St. John's Church, Richmond, Christ Church, Alex-
andria, Pohick and Falls Church in Fairfax, Ware and
Abingdon in Gloucester, St. Peter's, New Kent, and others of
this period have remained.

the Influence of the Church upon Hmmcan Statesmen 167

In these old churches most of the patriot statesmen
of Virginia served as Parish Vestrymen. From them
proceeded an influence which sanctified the homes of Vir-
ginia which have ever been the units of her civilization
and the glory of her life. From these ancient church altars
the fire was taken which kindled the flame of devotion upon
the family altars of the people. At these family altars, too
many of which, like the ancient churches, have fallen into
decay, the young men of Virginia consecrated themselves to
the sacred ministry, or to the defence of the liberties of their
country; and there is no question but that in these homes
and around these altars the negro servants received the best
instruction and richest spiritual blessing which has ever come
into the lives of these people now emancipated from slavery,
and self-exiled from these high and holy spiritual privileges.
We confidently believe that there is more of genuine spiritual
good which has come to them as an inheritance from this
social and religious tutelage than has since been acquired by
them, or imparted to them, along independent lines.

ftbe Influence of tbe Cburcb upon Hmerican
Statesmen

The true American patriot can not be unmindful of the
debt he owes to the religion of the Christ for the influence
exerted by the Church upon the statesmen and warriors of
the revolutionary period. While acting as Parish Vestrymen
most of these men received their first training in defending
the rights and liberties of the people against the undue en-
croachments of the Church of England. To name the Ves-
trymen of Virginia distinguished for the service rendered
during this period would be to call almost the complete roll of
the men who then arose as leaders of the people in the
struggle for liberty (see list in Bishop Meade's old Churches
and Families in Virginia, Vol. i, p. 153). Washington,

1 68 Che Church and Religious freedom

George Mason, Peyton Randolph, Wythe, Edmund Pendie-
ton, General Xelson, Richard Bland, Archibald Gary, Richard
Henry Lee. and hundreds of others, who rendered signal
service to America in time of need, were servants of Christ,
in His Church, and were Parish Vestrymen.

As the Church at Jamestown ministered to the men who
laid the foundations of American civilization, so Bruton
Parish Church situated in Williamsburg, the Colonial Capitol
ministered to the men, who, through the State Constitution
and Bill of Rights, and Declaration of Independence, passed
by Congress, laid sure and strong the foundations of the free
and independent government of the federal republic. The
sons of the Church and heirs of her teaching, these patriots
and warriors of Virginia came to this Church to find clearer
vision and nobler courage, and to invoke upon their cause the
blessing of their God and the God of their fathers. The state
documents of this period reflect the glow of faith and the
fervor of religious devotion which illumined the lives of these
men who consecrated themselves to the cause which resulted,
through their endeavor, in our heritage of civil liberty.

Sbe periot) of Greatest Erial anb Greatest
Griumpb, 17821907

The struggle of the Church for her life after the Revolu-
tion was almost as tragic and desperate as the struggle of the
colony of 1607 f r existence, and in many respects the forces
allied against the early Colonists were symbolical of those
arrayed against the Church.

About no period of American Church History are there
more gross and yet more generally accepted misconceptions.
We are told and our children are told, that the Church was
disestablished by those who were the champions of religious
freedom, and that these champions of liberty were the de-

Church under trial 169

fenders of the people against the claims of the Church. The
Church was disestablished by the champions of religious free-
dom, but, "the disestablishment of the Church in Virginia
was the work of its own members, who, in laying the founda-
tions of their country's liberty, believed that they should un-
selfishly sacrifice the privileges the law had hitherto secured
to them, that civil and religious liberty might be found insep-
arably united" (Rowland's Life of George Mason, Vol. I,
p. 243). Of the five men appointed to revise the laws of the
Commonwealth, namely, Jefferson, Pendleton, \Vythe, George
Mason and Thomas Ludwell Lee, four were active Vestry-
men of the Episcopal Church, and Jefferson had also at one
time been a Vestryman, and from papers extant it is in evi-
dence that the very law in question was drafted prior to
the time when George Mason resigned from the Committee.
A marked distinction should be made between the disestab-
lishment of the Church and her spoliation. The acts
of the Legislature passed in 1787, 1799, and finally in 1802,
were not inspired by a spirit of religious liberty. They were
designed to confiscate the property of the Church, and re-
sulted in the sale of her glebe lands. Against legislation
looking to this end George Mason, Edmund Pendleton, and
other Virginia Churchmen, did protest, because they believed
that such procedure was contrary to the principles of com-
mon honesty. This left the Church stripped and impover-
ished. Her once wealthy members had sacrificed their for-
tunes in behalf of their country. Among the masses of the
people there was a feeling of prejudice. It has been gener-
ally stated and believed that this was due to the fact that
the clergy of the Church had been Tories. As a matter of
fact the records show that the Virginia Clergy, led by Rev.
Drs. Madison and Bracken, were, with very few exceptions,
ardent supporters of the cause of liberty. The prejudice
had a reasonable basis in the fact that prior to the disestablish-
ment the people had been taxed by the State to support a
Church to which some of them did not adhere, to which was
added the dislike wliich at this time was felt against the

170 Cbc Church triumphant

Church because of her English connection. Thrown upon
her own resources the Church made a desperate struggle
until almost the middle of the last century.

In 1789 the Prayer Book, adapted to the changed poli-
tical conditions and otherwise revised, was ratified at the
General Convention of the Church, held in Christ Church,
Philadelphia. In many of the churches the prayer for the
President of the United States was pasted over the prayer
for King George III in the old Prayer Books. In 1784
Bishop Seabury was consecrated for the Church in Connecti-
cut, Bishop Provoost for New York, in 1787, Bishop White
for Pennsylvania, in 1787, and Bishop Madison for Virginia,
ip 1/90.

From the dark days of the beginning of the last century
we look forward into an ever increasing circle of light. We
can not pause to mark the place where, in her onward
march, the Church has placed the lamp of truth to
lighten the darkness. We can not follow Bishops
Meade, Chase, Kemper and Whipple, or Boone, Williams,
Payne an3 others who have led the Church in the partial
fulfilment of her mission to the world. We can not venture
to measure her influence upon education and social life and
upon the religious life about her in the world, or
count her spires, or number her homes of mercy.
God has blessed her, and through her He has blessed
the nation and is blessing the world. Rich with the heritage
of far more than three centuries, the American Churchman
faces the new century. The years that have gone have
brought us blessings immeasurable. The year that is now
brings us a responsibility and a duty. Made, through God J s
Church, in Christ, sons of the King, and the heirs of His
blessings, we face the responsibility of determining in what
measure and in what way we shall return thanks to the
King. The suggestion of the Church for a "MEN'S MISSION-
ARY THANK OFFERING" simply indicates one of the many
ways in which we may manifest our gratitude. Every Church-
man in Virginia and every true American should respond

Che Church ^Triumphant 171

loyally and gladly to this call. It has been suggested that
\ve consecrate at least the amount of "OxE DAY'S WAGE"
upon the altar of thanksgiving for the rich inheritance wnich
is ours as Churchmen, Virginians, and Americans. The
offering is designed to give to others the blessings which
have been given us.

As we celebrate our greatness, it is all important that
we should manifest our gratitude by doing the things which
help to save us from being very little after all.

0*

**
ft,

S
&

u

o

S

fi

Spiritual anb Ibeal
cance of Bruton parisb
Cburcb, TRestoreb

" And the house (of God) was finished and the
children of Israel kept the dedication of the house
with joy."*

Ezra vi : 15-16.

| HESE words were spoken concerning- the temple
of Zerubbabel, which had been built in Jerusa-
lem after the ruin and desolation that had
fallen upon the house of God at the hands of
those who had led Israel and Judah into cap-
tivity. The temple had been restored, the
work was finished, and the people rejoiced as
they gave the house to God.

For well nigh two years this house of God
in which we worship to-day has been in the
hands of workmen who have been laboring to
restore to the temple its ancient interior form,
and make it symbolic of its ancient glory. And
now "the house is finished," and we approach the day (May
12, 1907) when in the service of consecration the Church re-
stored will be given to God, and we pause to-day to learn the
lessons of the past, and to consider the meaning of the work
that we may enter upon that service with feelings of joy and
thanksgiving.

The temple was the centre of Israel's life. During the
days of its splendor it was the symbol of the nation's glory,
and in its subsequent ruin and desolation it became the sym-
bol of the nation's shame.

The house of God was from the first a place of hallowed

* Sermon preached in the church by the Rector, Sunday, April 21, 1907, upon the com-
pletion of the work of restoration.

174 Che Significance of the Church Restored

and sacred memories; designed to minister to the present
needs of the people, pointing ever to the great hope of
the coming of the promised Messiah, the temple was con-
structed also to recall the blessings of the past. The memorial
idea which is made a characteristic feature in Bruton Parish
Church restored has ever been present in the life and form
of the Church of God. In the days of the patriarchs, who
wandered from place to place, seeking pasture for their flocks
and herds, the house of God was a rude altar, made of the
unpolished stones of the wilderness. Used for sacrifice, these
altars were left for memorials to mark the points where God
revealed himself to His people Bethel, Horeb, Jehovahnissi.
and Peniel were names which stirred the memory and inspired
the people of many subsequent generations to "praise the
Lord for His goodness and declare the wonders that He doeth
for the children of men/'

The tabernacle, too, was constructed upon a memorial
plan. Associated with God's care of His people during the
years of their wilderness wandering, it remained for them a
place of worship until the nation was established in the land
of their inheritance and the temple built, and then it came to
be the inspiration of the great national Feast of Tabernacles.

When the temple was erected with its splendid magnifi-
cence, the past was welded into the temple structure, and
woven into the temple ritual. In the ark of the covenant
were kept the tables of the law, the manna with which God
had fed His people, and Aaron's rod that budded, cherished
tokens and reminders of the past 'The golden threads of
memory were woven into the life and thought of the people.
At the feast of the Passover God's mercies shown in the
land of Egypt were recalled, at Pentecost the people were
reminded of the fires and thunders of Sinai, and at the Feast
of Tabernacles the green bough houses, built in the* streets
and upon the housetops of the city of the great King, recalled
the experiences of the nation's past. When the time came
for them to lay the foundation stones of the temple, the place

tTbc Significance of the Cbwcb Restored 175

selected was the traditional mount where Abraham had built
the altar upon which to sacrifice his son. Thus did God,
through associations, seek to stimulate and sanctify the mem-
ory of His people.

Israel's prophets, with spirit-illumined vision, unfolded
the scroll of the future and told of things that were to be, but
the key that unlocked the years unborn was ofttime the mem-
ory or the history of the years that had been.

Israel's poets sang of the glories which the future had in
store, but they sang, too, as an inspiration, of the heroes of
the past and told in sacred song of what their fathers had
told them of what God had done for the nation in the times
of old, and called upon the people to give thanks unto the
Lord who through Moses, Aaron, Phinehas, Barak and
Gideon had "delivered them out of their distress."

This method of appeal is not confined in the book of
inspiration to the writers of the Old Testament. In the midst
of the Gospel record the evangelists pause to place upon the
immortal scroll the names of the men and women whose
deeds of self-forgetful devotion gave them the right to live
in the long annals of the Church; and nowhere in literature
is there to be found a more deathless roll of fame than that
recorded in the eleventh chapter of the Epistle to the He-
brews, where the writer calls the names of the great heroes
of faith, and summons them about us to be our inspiration
and example, that we may "run with patience the race that
is set before us."

It is in this spirit that historic Bruton has been restored
and enriched. All through the long months, when almost
overwhelmed by the dust, disorder and confusion of construc-
tion, when harrassed by questions of delicate responsibility
in reaching decisions as to questions of harmony and taste,
while watching the commonplace details of building, and at-
tending to the still more commonplace and arduous work of
raising the necessary funds, there has ever been a splen-
dor of association, a richness of glory coming out of
the past which has hallowed every task. From out of the

176 Cbc Marks of Continuity

centuries that are gone have come voices which have sounded
above the noise of workmen's tools, voices of great men,
which seem still to echo back the prayers and praises of the
past, and the burdens have grown lighter, and the work made
a thing of joy to all \vlio have shared in doing it by the
thought that the temple restored would speak to the present
and future of what is highest and noblest in life, that it would
recall the best that the past holds and present it as an ideal
and inspiration to men, and call very strongly to them to live
for the things that count for the strength and glory of the
Church and the nation. The thought of that for which the
old Church stands sanctifies the commonplace, transforms the
thought of duty into a feeling of privilege, and the task that
might otherwise have been a burden to be borne became a
lever to uplift the life to a higher plane of vision.

And now as we approach the day when the Church re-
stored will be consecrated through a form of service which,
because there were not bishops in America, could not have
been held when the Church was built, what are the thoughts
with which we should approach that service, and how may we
prepare ourselves to participate in it?

This church so soon to be consecrated witnesses to much
that deserves to be marked and borne in mind as we enter
upon that service. It bears witness, as no other building in
America does, to

THE CONTINUITY OF THE LIFE OF THE CHURCH

It stands within the bounds of the country where, in 1607,
our English forefathers planted the old Mother Church of
England, and commenced here, under the sail awning
hung to three or four neighboring trees, the services which
through the centuries have invoked God's blessing upon the
nation. Of that Church Bruton is the lineal descendant and
direct successor. Parish tradition hallows the Baptismal font
with the name of Jamestown, and letters carved in the solid
silver establish the identity of our Communion silver as be-

Jamestown Island

Bruton Parish Church, Restored

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The Pre-Revolutionary Prayer Book

Che Marks of Continuity 179

ing that of the old Mother Church. Here witness is borne to
the strength of those fundamental principles which underlie
her life and constitute the enduring power which has pre-
served her unity and secured the continuity of her existence.
No external forces could tend more strongly to the disintegra-
tion and overthrow of the Church than those arrayed against
her subsequent to the Revolution. She was still the English
Church, and misguided England had fought her children,
and stained our soil with their blood. Her clergy were still
tinder the authority of the English Bishop, and her service
was still under the authority of the English Church. Within
these walls the men worshipped who arraigned the injustice
of the English government in the halls of legislation, and
then marched forth to battle for their inalienable rights, and
yet to-day there is in this Church the Prayer-Book from
which the service was read in their hearing, and they held
on to it, simply pasting the prayer for the President over
the prayer for the King, yielding to human prejudices in
changing the words of invocation to God from "King of
Kings" to "Ruler of the Universe," but refusing to depart
from the the continuity of the Church's life or nbandon her
time-honored liturgy, through which, by the spirit of God,
the English people are reunited in one communion and fel-
lo .vship in the mystical Body of Christ.

And then, in later years, when dreadful civil strife fell
upon the nation, and the Southland found herself threatened
with invading armies, the Churchmen of the South refused to
drag party bitterness and the animosities of war into the
Church. The Rector of Bruton Parish, so recently "num-
bered with God's saints in glory everlasting," took the Church
Prayer-Book, and running his pencil through the words
"President of the United States" wrote: "April i;th, 1861
The Governor of Virginia, " and with these changes the peo-
ple went on saying the same old service which was said at
Jamestown and which was said to-day.

As we see so much of the organic religious life of the
world breaking into fragments under external pressure or as

180 Cbe faitb of the Nation Builders

a result of the lack of internal principles of coherence, we have
cause for joy and thanksgiving that our Church has mani-
fested the power of her divine life by passing safely through
the shocks of war and the convulsions of human prejudice.
Here where nations have divided, and where battles have
raged, the Church has stood a witness to that which is per-
manent, and as we meet here on the i2tH of May, to conse-
crate the Church on the eve of the Three Hundredth Anni-
versary of the day on which the English colony reached the
nearby Island of Jamestown, and as we think of the witness
that Bruton bears to the continuity of the life and liturgy of
the Church, "Let us come into His presence with thanksgiv-
ing and into His courts with praise." "For the Lord is gra-
cious, his mercy is everlasting and his truth endureth from
generation to generation."

Then, too, Bruton bears witness to

THE FAITH AND DEYOTION OF THE NATION-BUILDERS

The names presented here in bronze and in letters of gold
have been inscribed upon or wrought into the structure of
the temple with no vain spirit of ancestor worship, and with
no desire or intention of simply glorifying men. They are
placed here to the "Glory of God,' J and as an abiding witness
to the truth. Most people are too much preoccupied to read
the long annals of history; busy with routine work, or ab-
sorbed by rontinepleasure they are prone to take the lessons of
history at second or third hand and are satisfied with a super-
ficial knowledge which they love to delude themselves into
believing constitutes "culture." At the hands of these people
the facts of history become woefully perverted. The impres-
sion is somewhat deepset that Virginia had a glorious, but a
very godless past. With a reluctance to exploit herself by
turning the searchlight of investigation down the path
through which her history has run its famous course, with a
preoccupation born of the stern necessities which war and
subsequent poverty forced upon her people, she has for too
long a time worn the garments of mourning and left her

H
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a

The Colonial Governors* Canopied Pew, restored, in Bruton Parish Church

Hlexander Spotswood 183

name and fame to the care of the historians far removed
from sympathetic touch with her life and institutions.

We can. therefore, reproach ourselves alone for the
fact that the historians whose message has reached the
public ear have been largely the men who have sought to
trace the source of the nation's godliness and piety back to
Plymouth Rock, regarding the Virginia settlers and their de-
scendants as a gay and careless set of wild adventurers whose
minds were set upon material gain, and whose hearts were
pleasure bent ; or, else the story of her past has been told by
those who had a mortal grudge against the Church, and who
perverted the truth of history to make it conform to the low
requirements of a special brief.

In lasting bronze we have placed here in the Church of
God names eloquent with suggestion. From the tower door
to where the nave intersects the transepts the names are, with
but two exceptions, those of men who served on the parish
vestry during Colonial days, and who, almost without excep-
tion, served the state in some distinguished capacity.

The truth conveyed through the memorials in the tran-
septs is of a deeper and wider interest. They tell of the faith
and devotion of the Nation-builders. The velvet canopy
bearing the royal arms of England and embroidered in let-
ters of gold with the name "Alexander Spotswood," is a
restoration and a memorial to the gallant knight of "the
golden horse shoe." He was a cavalier, and was ever eager
for adventure, but he was a churchman, and loved the Church
with a zeal and devotion which hallows his name and gives
it a rightful place where we see it to-day. It was he who,
when the seat of government was moved from Jamestown in
1699 and established here, proposed, in 1710. that a new
Church should be built, and suggested that the Parish build
the two ends and that "the government would take care for
the wings and the intervening part." It was he who fur-
nished the parish with the plan of the Church, and gave to
its outline forms the grace and strength and beauty which our
architect has restored, and which, after the lapse of years, we

184 ko*d Botetourt

behold to-day. It was he who largely prevailed upon the gov-
ernment to appropriate a sufficient sum of money to build this
part of the Church and to put in pews for the Governor, his
council, and the members of the House of Burgesses, making
Bruton the "Court Church of Colonial Virginia ;" and it was
he who, when he found that the contractor was disposed to take
an unfair advantage of the Church, offered to furnish all the
bricks needed for the building at fifteen shillings pef thousand.
In his spirit of devotion to the Church we find our vindica-
tion for this memorial, and with this knowledge we place upon
the canopy over the pew where the Governors sat the name,
as it was in the olden days, of "Alexander Spotswood;" Gov-
ernor and Churchman.

Beneath this canopy a chair has been placed in memory
of the Honorable Norborne Berkeley, Baron de Botetourt.
Many Governors, Spotswood, Drysdale. Gooch, Dinwiddie,
Fauqttier, Botetourt, and Lord Dunmore sat with their Coun-
cils in this canopied pew, but the finest Englishman of them
all, the most zealous patron of education, the most devoted
American, the most devout Churchman, and the one most
beloved was Lord Botetourt. It was he who when about
to answer to the last earthly summons of the King of
Kings, sent for Hon. Robert Carter Nicholas, who had re-
marked that he could not understand how His Excellency
could ever resign himself to death, and said, "Mr. Nicholas, I
have sent for you that you may see that I am willing to resign
the good things of earth with the same equanimity with which
I have enjoyed them." He loved Virginia, and chose to be
buried in her soil, and was followed from the Church by a
great concourse of mourners to his last resting place beneath
the Chancel of the Chapel of the College of William and
Mary.

Here in these memorial pews in the transepts worship-
ped for many years the representatives of the people of Vir-
ginia in the House of Burgesses. To have named them all
would have covered every inch of the woodwork with tablets
of bronze.

Governor's Chair, Memorial to Lord Botetourt

186 Cbe Church and Religious freedom

There come times in the history of nations when circum-
stances call for men to rise as leaders and as the defenders of
the life and liberties of the people. Circumstances do not
make men. They sound the clarion call; they create the
stage of action ; they raise the curtain God makes men ; or
men, by the help of God, make themselves, and the men who
are prepared and equipped to answer the call of their times
are the men who create what is glorious and enduring in a
nation's life.

When the summons came at the time of the American
Revolution it found here men ready to respond. The sons
of the Church and the heirs of her teaching, these men had
been trained by her to reverence their conscience, and to love
their fellowmen, and they were spiritually, as well as men-
tally, equipped for duty which demanded the sacrifice, if needs
be, of themselves for the life and liberty of the people. In
the dark hours of perplexity they looked to the Church of
their fathers for light and for strength, and came here to find
the consolations afforded by the great gospel of redemption.
From the men of this hero band who have found fame be-
cause they were willing to lose themselves in service, we have
selected twenty-three names, which are almost exclusively the
names of the great constructive statesmen of the republic,
rather than the heroes of war, and have placed these names
in bronze on the pews in this part of the Church where they
assembled to worship and to invoke upon their cause the bless-
ing of the God of liberty.

In the north aisle of the transept, on the west side, are
the names of the seven men who for Virginia signed the
Declaration of Independence.

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN VIRGINIA

On the wall above these pews a tablet has been placed
inscribed

"To the glory of God, and in memory of the members

Che Church and Religious freedom 187

of the Committee which drafted the law establishing- Re-
ligious Freedom in Virginia

Thomas Jefferson, Vestryman of St. Anne's Parish.

Edmund Pendleton, Vestryman of Drysdale Parish.

George Wythe, Vestryman of Bruton Parish.

George Mason, Vestryman of Truro Parish.

Thomas Ludwell Lee, Vestryman of Overwharton
Parish.

Being all the members of the Committee. "

This principle had been embodied in the immortal
work of the Virginia Statesman and Churchman, George
Mason, "The Declaration of Rights," adopted here in Wil-
liamsburg, in June, 1776. "Never before," says William
Wirt Henry, "had any civil government in the whole world
allowed the claim of absolute religious freedom." When the
contention is made, as it often is, that the Church was the
foe to religious freedom, it is worth while to recall these
facts of history.

Bruton has the right to place within her walls the names
which have been placed upon the pew plates and mural tab-
lets. These men all worshipped here Washington records
in his diary that he attended the service here on Sunday "and
fasted all day."

Because these men contributed so much to the nation
building, because their presence is associated with this Church,
and because, with scarcely an exception, they were vestry-
men of the Church in Virginia, their names are recalled in
this place as a witness to the truth of history and as a peren-
nial inspiration to men. It may be that many as they read
these names will have their minds illumined with the truth
of history, and we trust that these memorials will be a means
of showing what Virginia has given to America and what
the Church has given to Virginia.

THE CHARACTER OF THE COLONIAL CLERGY

There is another testimony which one of these memor-

188 Che Character of the Colonial Clergy

ials bears. In superficial history and benighted fiction the
custom has been to speak of the clergy of Colonial Virginia
with ridiciile and scorn. This has been done so largely and
for so long that the vast majority of people, even in the
Church, have come to believe that the term "Colonial minis-
ter," is almost a synonym for all that was low and degraded
in men. It is undoubtedly true that Virginia afforded a
place of refuge to a number of ministers who left England be-
cause they could not well remain there, but these men who
have been seized upon, advertised, exploited and held up to the
public gaze and the public scorn were not types but excep-
tions. In St. John's Church, Hampton, a window has been
placed memorial to the Colonial clergy of that Parish. Upon
examining the records extending over 175 years, only one
man was found who was unworthy of being named in the
long list of godly men. On the walls of this Church near
the pulpit, a tablet has been placed in memory of the clergy
of Bruton Parish Church from 1674 to 1873. During this
period of one hundred and ninety-nine years, not one min-
ister is to be found against whom there stands a word of cen-
sure or reproach. They were men of education and of godly
piety. Most of those who ministered here in the Colonial
times were masters of arts of the universities of Oxford,
Cambridge and Edinburgh, and we have the records giving
the testimony of contemporaneous men to the effect that they
were earnest and faithful ministers of the gospel of Christ.

Time fails us to mention the names upon the many me-
morial tablets or to recall the memories which they suggest.
They are names which it is an inspiration to recall and which
it would be a shame and reproach for us ever to forget ;

******* "They from their labors rest,
"Who Thee by faith, before the world confessed,
Thy name, O Jesus, be forever blest
Alleluia.

190 Hppcat to Reverence

"Thou wast their Rock, their Fortress and their might,
Thou, Lord, their Captain in the well-fought fight,
Thou in the darkness drear, their one true light
Alleluia.

"Oh, may thy soldiers, faithful, true and bold,
Fight as the saints who nobly fought of old,
And win with them, the victor's crown of gold
Alleluia.

"O, blest Communion, fellowship divine!
We feebly struggle, they in glory shine,
Yet all are one in Thee, for all are thine,
Alleluia.

"The house is finished." With joy and gratitude let us
come to its consecration. The building has been enriched
and beautified, and its glory is doubtless greater than that of
the Church of old. It is meet and right that it should be.
It is hallowed by the glory of the past, and for Bruton Parish
Church nothing could be made too beautiful if its form blends
with the symmetry and architectural designs of the past, and
is in harmony with the beautiful and true and that the archi-
tect has done this is evident to all.

Around this building our associations may gather, and
ab6ttt it our heart cords may fasten themselves in enduring
love.

Let us ever show in this place the deep reverence that
to this hallowed shrine is due. Let such conversation as
needs be held in this house of God be in tones subdued, that
we may hear the voices of those invisible which speak to us,
which can be heard alone where silence reigns, and when
upon the life the hush of reverence falls.

When you come here to participate in the service of con-
secration, pray that the glory of the Lord may fill and sanctify
this temple; that to the associations of the past may be added
a new witness-bearing power; that those who enter the King-
dom of Christ at this font; that those who kneel for confir-

Hn Invocation 191

mation at this altar rail ; that those who come there to find for-
giveness and power from Christ, through the Holy Com-
munion; that those who stand there to pledge their troth in
holy matrimony; that those who come to hear God's word
read and his truth proclaimed, and kneel here to invoke upon
others and upon themselves the blessings of Heaven, may
find grace and power to witness to the word of the love and
mercy of Christ for Whom the Church stands and to Whom,
in the service of Consecration, it is to be dedicated anew.

And may God grant that the stranger who passes into
these sacred courts may feel a presence which will inspire
reverence, and that in the silence of the sanctuary voices may
be heard speaking from out of the past and out of the deep
of the present which may lead to an abiding love for Christ
and His Church.

May He "who is able to keep us from falling and to pre-
sent us faultless before the presence of His glory with ex-
ceeding joy,'' bless, preserve and keep us faithful in His
Church during the days of the years of our pilgrimage, and
at the last bring us home to the "Temple not made with hands
eternal in the Heavens" upon whose gates "are written the
names of the twelve tribes of Israel" and in whose foundation
stones are "the names of the twelve Apostles of the Lamb. 11

Pulpit, Reading Desk, and Clerk^ Desk

Consecration of Bruton
jparteb Cbutcb

|N Sunday morning, May 12th, 1907, Bruton Par-
ish Church was consecrated by the Rt. Rev. A.
M. Randolph, D. D., Bishop of the Diocese of
Southern Virginia, assisted by Rev. Lyman B
Wharton, D. D , former rector of the Church,
Rev. Robert Saunders Coupland, rector of Ascen-
sion Church, Baltitfcore, and by the rector of
Bruton Parish Church. The Bishop was met at
the tower door by the Vestry; Dr Van F. Gar-

rett, H. S. Bird, H. D. Cole, W. H. Macon, John L. Mercer,

Dr. L. S. Foster, Capt. L. W. Lane, Z. G. Durfey, Dr. J.

Blair Spencer, W. A. Montgomery, James S. Wilson, and by

Mr. John D. Wing, acting as Clerk.

"Che Sentence of Consecration

was read by the Rector as follows :

In the name of the father, and of the Son, and of the
fioly host Hmen

44 Whereas, this Church building was erected in the Cen-
tury when Virginia was a colony of England, when the
Church in America was under the ecclesiastical authority of
the Archbishop of Canterbury, having no Bishops in Amer-
ica to perform ecclesiastical functions assigned to the Epis-
copate; and therefore has never been formerly consecrated,
as required by the law of the Church; and, whereas, through
the efforts of the Rector, and the Congregation, and the
generosity of friends throughout the country, the canonical
conditions with reference to the consecration of Churches
have been complied with, in connection with the discharge

194 Cbe Sentence of Consecration

of all obligations and debts for the building and the resto-
ration, now, therefore, I,

Hlfrcd JflagtU Randolph

Bishop of the Diocese of Southern Virginia, do consecrate
this building bv the name

3Bruton parish Cburcb

thereby setting it apart from all worldly and common uses,
and dedicating it to the worship of Almighty God, to the
preaching of the Gospel, to the administration of the Sacra-
ments of Christ, and to the performance of all the other offices
of our holy religion, and^ pray God to bless this place
with His continual presence, and to answer the prayers
that are offered in this house that is called by His name, and
to accept the ministrations of His Word, so that here the
comfortable Gospel of Christ may be truly preached and
truly received, and the Sacraments duly administered, and
the worship of the Protestant Episcopal Church may be
preserved in its purity throughout all generations.

Done under my hand and seal this twelfth day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and seven, and in
the twenty-second year of my Episcopate.

Signed, H* M* Randolph
Bishop of the Diocese of Southern Virginia."

The Consecration Sermon was preached by the Bishop
from 2 Cor. v: 17. Hymns Nos. 491, 196, 299, 218, 225,
and 176 were sung during the service, which embraced the
Form of Consecration, the Order for Morning Prayer, the
Order for Confirmation, and the Order for the Administra-
tion of the Lord's Supper, or Holy Communion.

Visitors, for whom the transepts, the Governors' pew
and the pew of the Surveyor General were reserved, were
present in large numbers from all parts of the country to
participate in the service. The offering of the congregation
was asked for the Missionary Thank Offering, and the offer-

Sentence of Consecration 195

ing made by the visitors was devoted to the Endowment
Fund of Bruton Parish Church.

"Lift the strain of high thanksgiving!

Tread with songs the hallowed way !
Praise our fathers' God, for mercies

New to us their sons to-day :
Here they built for him a d welling,

Served him here in ages past,
Fixed it for His sure possession,

Holy ground, while time shall last."

"When the years had wrought their changes,

He, our own unchanging God,
Thought on this His habitation,

Looked on His decayed abode;
Heard our prayers, and helped our counsels,

Blessed the silver and the gold,
Till once more His house is standing

Firm and stately as of old."

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Gbree IbunfcreMb Hnniversan? flDemorial (Com
munton Service belt) at Jamestown on tbe
ftbfrb Sunbap after ftrinity t 1907.

N the Third Sunday after Trinity, June 21st, 1607,
Rev. Robert Hunt administered the Holy Com-
mtmion for the first time in Virginia, on the
Island of Jamestown, in an improvised Church
in the unbroken silence of the primeval forest.

This Communion was received as an outward
and visible token and pledge oi reconciliation,
without which, Capt. John Smith says the
whole enterprise might have been overthrown,
The service was first held beneath the trees,
to which was hung an old sail awning, with the pulpit
lashed between two neighboring trees.

On Saturday, June 15th, 1907, this improvised Church
was reproduced beneath the trees on the island ot
Jamestown, on or near the spot where the service was
held by Rev. Robert Hunt, and on the day following, being
the Third Sunday after Trinity, 1907, the Rector of Bruton
Parish Church, assisted by Rev. Edgar Hunt Goold, of
Albany, New York, said Morning Prayer and administered
the Holy Communion to about one hundred and fifty per-
sons who had come from many places, but chiefly from
Williamsburg and Norfolk, to participate in the Memorial
Service. Under the trees, which sheltered us from the sun,
the service was held as it was three hundred years ago, and
was characterized by a deep tone of solemn reverence. Out
upon the broad river, by a strange coincidence, were
anchored three sailing vessels which recalled the three ships
which brought the Colony from England, and among those
present at the service was an Indian, suggestive of the
red men of the primeval forest, who according to an old

198 Communion Service at

record, observed those engaged in the first service "with
great respect and reverence."

The address was designed to emphasize the fact that
the religion of Christ was present as a strong regulative
and constructive force in the Virginia Colony. The offering
was taken for the Rev. Robert Hunt Memorial to be placed
at Jamestown and for the Missionary Thank Offering

Although three centuries have passed since the service
was held which this service commemorated, Jamestown
Island is almost as deserted, and its silence was as unbroken
as when the voice of Rev Robert Hunt fell upon the stillness
of the forest wilderness.

Ulame Inbei

The numbers in parenthesis denote the number of times the name occurs on the page

indicated.

Abbott, 81.

Ambler, 123.

Archbishop of Canterbury, 90.
95, 96, 193.

Archer, 80, 129 (2j.

Argall, 38.

Anniger, 80, 81.

Annistead, 112.

Aylett, 52, 117, 119.
Bacon, 39, 73.
Ball, 54.

Ballard, 119, 129.
Barney, 83, 90, 94, 127.
Barradall, 80, 121, 130.
Baskett, 69 (2).
Beale, 129.

Berkeley, 13, 125, 138, 184.
Besouth, 52, 119.
Beverley, 119, 123, 137.
Binghan), 80.
Bird, 127, 193.
Bishop, 87.

Bishop or Washington, 90
Blackley, 80.

Blair, 16, 24 (3), 45, 49, 50, 55,
56, 74, 78, 80 (3), 108 (4),
109 (2), 117, 119, 122 (2),
124, 125, 137, 138 (4), 145,
164 (2).

Bland, 47, 92, 119, 122, 136, 168.
Boiling, 46, 56 (2), 119.
Bonnyman, 53.
Bonyman, 52, 119, 137.
Boone, 170.

Botetonrt, 20, 24, 46, 92, 184.
Bowcock, 81.
Bowden, 121.
Bracken, 118, 123, 169.
Brafferton Hall, 16.
Braxton, 47, ISO.

Bray, 52, 54, 81 (5), 119 (2),

130 (4).
Briggs, 81 (2).
Bright, 140.
Brooke, 105.
Brown, 80.
Bryan, 83, 87, 126.
Buckner, 139.
Buck, 61.

Bucke, 39, 124, 163.
Bucktrout, 80 (6).
Bunting, 69.
Burgess, 80.

Burwell, 33, 80, 117, 122, 125, 131.
Byrd, 126, 137 (2).
Cabaniss, 81.
Cfabell, 47, 135 (2).
Cambridge, 188.
Cameron, 132.
Camm, 118, 123.
Carey, 47, 139 (3).
Carnegie, 91, 139.
Carr, 20, 47, 135.
Carrington, 47, 135 (2).
Carter, 33, 47, 122, 124, 137.
Gary 129, 168.
Charlton, 81.
Chase, 170.
Chesley, 52, 117, 119.
Christian, 113.
Clayton, 121.
Clows, 81.
Cobb, 52, 119.
Cobbs, 119.
Cochran, 83.

Cocke, 50, 106, 111, 137, 145.
Cogbill, 81.
Coke, 139 (2).
Cole, !#?; JL93^
Coleman, 80, 114.

200

JSame Index

Collett, 80.

Corbin, 137.

Cornwallis, 13, 24.

Coupland, 140, 193.

Croshaw, 118, 131.

Custis, 30, 33, 55, 77, 80 (3), 133

(3).

Cutting, 91, 126.
Dale, 162 (2).
Darling, 117.
Dawson, 56, 117 (2), 122.
Dehart, 81,
Delaware, 36.
Denison, 123.
Dew, 118.
Dlgges, 137, 136,
Dinwiddie, 19, 24, 46, 125, 184.
Dixon, 80.
Doyley, 122.
Drysdale, 46, 124, 184.
Dugger, 80.
Dunlop, 92, 125 (5).
Dunmore, 20, 23, 30, 46, 116, 166,

184.

Durfey, 81 (3), 127, 193.
Dyer, 8L
Baton, 117.
Eburne, 122.
Edward VII, 50, 95.
Emple, 118, 123.
Evelyn, 111
Everard, 130.
Ewell, 118.
Fairfax, 125.
Fauquier, 20, 46, 50, 106, 125,

144, 184.
Folliott, 118.
Foster, 127, 193.
Frank, 81.
Gait, ,30, 147.
Garrett, 81 (3), 91, 127, 136, 138,

141, 193.
Gllliam, 80.
Gooch, 46, 49, 124, 184.

Goodwin, 7, 126, 159.

Goold, 197.

Gravatt, 12G.

Graves, 118, 132 (2).

Greenhow, 80 (3).

Gregory, 131.

Griffin, 81.

Grinsley. 80.

Grymes, 137 (2).

Guizot, 159.

Hacker, 105, 144.

Halloway, 123.

Hansford. 129.

Harrison, 47, 91, 121, 123, 126,

136, 137.
Harvey, 39.
Henderson, 80 (7).
Henley, 127, 140.
Henrico, 16.

Henry, 13, 20, 23, 47, 136, 187.
Hill, 142.
Hoag, 90.
Hodges, 123.

Holloway. 45,56(2), 119<2\ 130.
Hornsty, 80 (2).
Hord, 80.

Horrocks. 118, 122.
Houston, 91.
Hunt, 35, 36, 80, 91, 140, 152,

160, 161, 197 (2), 198.
Huntlngton, 91, 126.
Jackson, 119.
Jamestown, 13 (2), 16, 177, 179,

180, 183, 197 (2), 198.
Jefferson, 16, 24, 44, 91, 123, 133,

134, 135, 164, 169, 187.
Jenings, 50, 107 (3), 117. 119,

124, 132, 137, 145.
Johns, 118, 142, 164.
Johnson, 135.
Johnston, 13

Jones, 23, 43, 49, 52 (2), 53, 54,
78 (2), 80, 108 (2), 110, 119

(2), 122, 138, 141, 145 (2), 146

Name Index

201

Keith, 123.

Kemp, 76.

Kemper, 170.

Kendall, 119.

Kernochan, 91, 126.

King Edward VII, 90, 96.

King George III, 47, 49, 57, 59,

170.

LaPayetto, 13, 29.
Lane, 30, 127, 193.
Lawrence, 147.
Lee, 47, 124, 125, 137 (2), 168,

169, 187.
Leigh, 142 (2).
Lett, 80.
Lewis, 122, 136.
Lindsay, 80 (3).
Lines, 87.
Lloyd, 87.
Louis XVI., 29.
Low, 112.
Ludwell, 41, 52, 54, 76 (3), 80,

117, 122, 130, 132, 137.
Lunsford, 76.
Macon, 92, 108, 127, 131, 134, 135,

136, 193.
Madison, 39, 118, 142, 164, 169,

170.

McCann, 81.
McCarty, 123.
McKenzie, 112.
McKim, 126.

Marshall, 24 (2), 91, 134, 164.
Martin, 119.
Mason, 23, 47, 124, 136, 168, 169

(4), 187 (2).
Matthews, 117 (2).
Mayo, 91,JL22, 125 (6), 126, 139

(2).

MoClellan, 13.
Meade, 142, 167, 170.
Mercer, 127, 193.
Meriwether, 46, 119.
Merriwether, 56 (2).

Middle Plantation, 14 (2).

Miller, 137.

Millington, 80, 141.

Mitchell, 126.

Moncure, 141.

Monro, 109 (4), 145.

Monroe, 16, 24, 49, 134, 164.

Montgomery, 193.

Moore, 142.

Morecock, 142, 143.

Murray, 125.

Nelson, 23, 47, 125, 136, 137, 168,

181.

Newport, 36.
New York, 6, 7.
Nicholas, 47, 135, 184 (2).
'Nicholson, 19 (2), 80, 124.
Nicolson, 81.
Norfolk, 197.
Norvell, 47, 119, 133 (3).
Nott, 74, 75, 81, 124.
Ort, 81.

Owens, 52, 119, 129.
Oxford, 188.
Page, 24, 43 (2), 52, 54 (4), 80

(4), 81, 104, 119 (2), 122, 126,

139, 144.
Paget, 96 (2).
Paine, 126.

Parke, 52 (2), 111, 119, 132.
Parks, 129.
Payne, 170.
Peachy, 29.
Peirce, 38.
Pelham, 56, 58, 139.
Pendleton, 23, 47, 123, 136 {$

143 (3), 168, 169 (2), 1ST,
Pettus, 129.
Phillips, 142.
Pierse, 117.
Pinkethman, 117.
Plymouth Rock, 183.
Pocahontas, 38, 162.
Pollock, 87, 91, 134.

202

Index

Pory, 38.
Powell, 65, 124.
Power, 118.
Poyndexter, 119.
Poythress, 122.

Prentis, 105 (2), 130 (3), 144.
Purdie, 81.
Rae, 81.

Randolph, 5, 6, 29 (2), 30, 47, 56,
80, 87, 121, 123 (2), 126 (2),
133, 134, 136, 164, 168, 193, 194.
Read, 138 (2).
Richmond, 13, 126.
Robertson, 53, 130.
Robinson, 13, 125, 134, 137 (2).
Rolfe, 38, 162 (2).
Roosevelt, 90, 95.
Roscoe, 137.
Rowland, 169.
Saunders, 24, 118.
Savage, 80.
Scott, 69.
Scrivener, 81.
Seabury, 170.
Singleton, 14L
Slaughter, 138.
Smith, 35, 80 (2), 81, 118, 161,

197.

Snow, 81.
SouthalJ, 127, 141.
Spencer, 127, 193.
Spotswood, 19, 20, 23, 46, 50, 107,
112, 124, 125, 138, 183, 184 (2).
Stevens, 91, 123, 138.
Stephenson, 80.
Stewart, 83.
Stith, 80, 117.
Stuart, 81.
Taliaferro, 122.
Tarleton, 33.
Tarpley, 50, 65, 116.
Thompson, 142 (2).
Thomson, 121.

| Thorp, 81 (2), 130.
| Thorpe, 119.
Tilford, 81.
TImson, 104 (7), 117, 119 (2),

131 (4).
Tucker, 8, 29, 49, 80, 81 (2), 83,

126 (2), 132, 149.
Twine, 38.
Tyler, 16, 29, 112, 117, 119, 134

(2).

Van Ness, 92.
Van Rensselaer, 136 (2).
Waller, 56, 133.
Warburton, 118.
Ware, 131.

Washington, 13, 16, 24 (2), 29,
30, 33, 46, 47, 49 (2), 74, 77,
80, 134 (2), 135 (2), 187.
Westwood, 80.

Whaley, 76 (2), 81 (2), 130 (2),
Wharton, 193.
Wheatley, 122.
Whipple, 170.
White, 170.
Whitehead, 139.
Whittaker, 38, 1C2 (2).
Whittle, 142.
Wilks, 123.

Williams, 81, 108, 134, 136, 170.
Wilmer; 49, 80, 110 (2), 113, 118,

123 (2), 146.
Wilson, 193.
Winder, 80, 81.
Wing, 193.
Wingfleld, 160.
Wormley, 137.
Wyatt, 81.
Wythe, 19, 24 (2), 47, 117, 123,

137, 168, 1G9, 187.
Yates, 118, 122.
Yeardley, 38, 124.
Yorktown, 14, 33.
Yuille, 81.

Subject Inbet

Advisory Committee, Memorial
to, 126.

Ancient Records, 43.

Ancient Vestry Orders, 52.

Antlphon of 1610, 161.

Assembly of 1619, 163.

Assembly of 1619, Memorial to,
124.

Association for the Preservation
of Virginia Antiquities, 91,
125, 140.

Attendance at Church, Compul-
sory, 53.

Bassett Hall, 29.

Bell, its History, 116.

Bell in the Tower, 65.

Bishops of Virginia, Memorial
to, 142.

Blair House, 24.

Botetourt Memorial, 184.

Bronze Memorials, 115.

Burgesses, House of, Memorial
to, 121.

Burial Regulations, 54.

Carter's Grove, 33.

Character of the Colonial Clergy,
187.

Church, Building of 1674, 43.

Church, Building of 1710, '45.

Church and the Revolution, 46.

Churchyard, 73.

Churchyard Given, 54.

Churchyard Wall, 74.

Civil War and the Church, 179,

Clock from the House of Bur-
gesses, 66.

Clock, Memorial, 116.

College Communion Silver, 61

College Presidents, Memorial to,
117.

College Presidents' House, 24.

College Students, Provision
made for, 55.

College of William and Mary,
14.

College of William and Mary,
how established, 164.

Colonial Churches, 166.

Colonial Church Service, 57.

Colonial Clergy, Memorial to,
122.

Colonial Dames Memorial, 39,
92, 116, 138.

Colonial Governors' Pew, 46, 124,
138.

Communion Services at James-
town on Third Sunday after
Trinity, 1907, 197.

Confederate Prayer Book, 69.

Consecration of Bruton Parish
Church, 193.

Continuity of the Life of the
Church, 149, 176.

Court Church, how Bruton came
to this distinction, 56.

Court House in Williamsburg,
23.

Daughters of Revolution Memo-
rial, 92, 136.

Dedication, 5.

Dedication of Church, 1683, 52.

Disestablishment of the Church
in Virginia, 169.

Dunmore's Gallery, 116.

Education fostered by the
Church, 164.

Endowment Memorial Fund, 70.

Epitaphs, Ancient and Quaint,
in Churchyard, 75.

Excavated Graves, 89.

Faith and Devotion of the Na-
tion Builders, 180.

Fees of Clerk and Sexton, 52.

Font, the Jamestown, 62.

Gallery, Names carved on, 89.

Gait House, 29.

204

Subject Index

Genesis of the Church, 159.

Governor, Colonial, Memorial to,
124.

Graves discovered, location and
description, 144.

Historic Associations, 13.

Historic Environment of Bruton
Parish Church, 13,

Historical Sketch of Bruton Par-
ish Church, 41.

History perverted, 180.

House of Burgesses, 20.

Hunt, Rev. Robert, Memorial, 35,
36, His ministry, 160, Memo-
rial Alms Basin, 140.

Illustrations, List of, 11.

Influence of the Church upon
American Statesmen, 167.

Innovations of 1840, 49.

Jamestown and its Churches, 35,
40.

Jamestown Baptismal Font, 62.

Jamestown Communion Service,
61.

King Edward's Bible, 95.

King George Communion Silver,
62.

Legislation and the Church In-
fluence over it, 162.

Marble Memorials Tombstones
in the Church, 104.

Marble Mural Tablets, 111.

Mayo, Memorial to, 125.

Memorials Classified, 103.

Memorial Pews, 129.

Minister's Salary, 53.

Missionary Thank Offering, 170.

Name of Parish, 41.

Names engraved on Tombstones
in the Churchyard, 80.

Organ Loft, 55.

Palace of Colonial Governors, 19.

Peachy House, 29.

Pendleton, Judge Edmund; re-
mains removed, -143.

Peninsula, of Virginia, 13.

Peyton Randolph House, 29.

Powder Horn, 23.

Prayer Book and Bible, Pre-rev-
olutionary, 69.

Prejudice against the Church,
179.

Pre-revolutionary Bible and
Prayer Book, 69.

President's Lecturn, 95.

Private Pews, 54.

Raleigh Tavern, 30,

Record Books, Ancient, 66.

Religion a Constructive power in
founding Virginia, 159.

Religious Freedom in Virginia,
169, 186.

Religious Freedom Committee,
Memorial to the, 123.

Removal of the Seat of Govern-
ment to Williamsburg, 16.

Restoration Inaugurated, 49.

Restoration Notes, 83.

Restoration Tablet, 126.

Reverence in the Sanctuary, 190.

Seats in the Church assigned, 55.

Sermon Inaugurating the Resto-
ration, 149.

Six Chimney Lot, 30.

Society of Colonial Wars, 135.

Speakers of House of Burgesses,
Memorial to, 123.

Special Memorials, 140.

Spirit of the Past, to be cher-
ished, 33.

Spiritual and Ideal Significance
of Restoration, 173.

Spoliation of the Church In Vir-
ginia, 169.

Spotswood Memorial, 125, 183.
Statesmen influenced by the
Church, 168.

Subject Index 205

Struggle of Colony to Survive, f Trials of the Church, subsequent

161. - , to the Revolution, 169.

Surveyor General, 139. Tucker House, 29.

Tazewell Hall, 30. , Vestry of 1674-1683, Memorial to,

Tercentenary Memorials, 95. ! 119.

Three Hundredth Anniversary , Vestry of 1710-1715, Memorial

Memorial Communion Service ' to, 119.

on Jamestown Island on the Wardens Colonial, Memorial to,

Third Sunday after Trinity, , 117.

1907, 197. White Column House, 24.

Three Hundred Years of Church Williamsburg, Foundation of, 14.

Life and Influence in Vir-
ginia, 159.

Wytho House,
Yorktown, 33.